anesthesia

Sugammadex sodium (Org25969) , a synthetic derivative of γ-cyclodextrin, is a steroid-based neuromuscular blocker reversing agent.

Clonidine (Kapvay) is a centrally active alpha-adrenergic agonist used predominantly as an antihypertensive agent, usually in combination with other agents. Despite wide-scale use for many years, clonidine has not been linked definitively to either serum aminotransferase elevations or clinically apparent liver injury.

Diphenidol hydrochloride (Difenidol hydrochloride), a muscarinic antagonist, is employed as an anti-vertigo and as an antiemetic drug.

Tribromoethyl alcohol (Avertin) is an organic compound used to anesthetize mice. This product also provides a ready to use version without the need for preparation, with better stability and repeatability. Ready To Use Tribromoethanol: C0183 1.25% Avertin (Anesthesia For Mice) and C0184 2.5% Avertin (Anesthesia For Rat).

Theodrenaline hydrochloride is an inhibitor targeting SARS-CoV-2 for the study of hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia.

Mefenidil (McN-2378), a selective cerebral vasodilator, was shown to increase CBF in healthy brains without stimulating O2 uptake in a dog anesthesia model.

Cinchonine (LA40221), a local anesthetic of the amide type, now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local narcotics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia.

Procaine (Vitamin H3) is a local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block.

Dibucaine (Cinchocaine), a local anesthetic of the amide type, is now usually used for surface anesthesia.

Dibucaine hydrochloride (Cinchocaine hydrochloride), a long-acting local amide anestheticsis, is usually used for surface anesthesia.

Tetracaine hydrochloride (Amethocalne HCl) (Pontocaine), a potent local anaesthetic, is a channel function allosteric inhibitor. It is primarily used as an antipruritic and topically in ophthalmology, and it has been used for surface and spinal anesthesia.

Levobupivacaine is an amino-amide local anaesthetic drug belonging to the family of n-alkylsubstituted pipecoloxylidide. It is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine. Levobupivacaine hydrochloride is commonly marketed by AstraZeneca under the trade name Chirocaine. Compared to bupivacaine, levobupivacaine is associated with less vasodilation and has a longer duration of action. It is approximately 13 per cent less potent (by molarity) than racemic bupivacaine.Levobupivacaine is indicated for local anaesthesia including infiltration, nerve block, ophthalmic, epidural and intrathecal anaesthesia in adults; and infiltration analgesia in children. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are rare when it is administered correctly. Most ADRs relate to administration technique (resulting in systemic exposure) or pharmacological effects of anesthesia, however allergic reactions can rarely occur.

Enflurane (Efrane), a volatile anaesthetic, is a potent inhibitor of high conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels of Chara australis. Enflurane is an internal standard in monitoring halogenated volatile anaesthetics by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.

Dexmedetomidine is a Central alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of dexmedetomidine is as an Adrenergic alpha2-Agonist. The physiologic effect of dexmedetomidine is by means of General Anesthesia.

(+)-BORNEOL (d-Borneol) is a natural bicyclic monoterpene used for analgesia and anesthesia in traditional Chinese medicine; enhances GABA receptor activity with an EC50 of 248 μM.

Lupinine is an alkaloid capable of counteracting ethanol anesthesia. Lupinine is an AChE and BChE inhibitor and potential CD69 activator found in species of Loranthus, Calia, and Lupinus. It may also inhibit heparin.

Decamethonium (Syncurine) is a depolarizing muscle relaxant or neuromuscular blocking agent, and is used in anesthesia to induce paralysis.

Nav1.7 inhibitor is a Nav1.7 inhibitor for research in the field of pain and anesthesia.

NeoSTX (Neosaxitoxin) is a specific sodium channel blocker that targets site 1. It works synergistically with local anesthetics to provide surgical anesthesia through peripheral nerve block or local infiltration and significantly prolongs postoperative analgesia duration.

Decamethonium is a neuromuscular blocking agent or depolarizing muscle relaxant, and is used in anesthesia to induce paralysis.

Sameridine (NIH-10908) acts as a weak partial agonist at the μ-opioid receptor. When administered intrathecally, it induces local anesthesia and analgesia. At low doses, Sameridine minimally affects respiratory function, but higher doses can suppress respiratory response. It is useful for research into analgesic effects.

Propiomazine maleate is an orally active antihistamine. It acts as a potent stimulant for prolactin (PRL) release through antagonism of the dopaminergic system and inhibits luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Propiomazine maleate is primarily utilized as an adjunct in anesthesia, in the management of psychiatric disorders and anxiety sedation, and is also used in research related to insomnia.

Medetomidine (MPV785 free base) is a selective and orally available α2-adrenoceptor agonist, Ki=1.08 nM, with sedative and analgesic effects and vasoconstrictive hypoxic side effects, and is commonly used in small animal anesthesia.

Pyrromecaine is a local anesthetic used for surface anesthesia. Pyromecaine has a wide spectrum of antiarrhythmic action, exerts a favorable effect on the contractility of the left ventricle, and on the myocardial blood flow following the ligation of the