Mushroom

Tropolone, a metal chelator, possesses weak antioxidative and radical-scavenging properties and shows a strong affinity for ferric ion

Orellanine is a nephrotoxic compound extracted from the mushroom Cortinarius orellanus. Orellanine strongly inhibits the synthesis of macromolecules (Proteins, RNA and DNA) in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and in rat liver mitochondria.

antcin A is a steroid-like phytochemical isolated from the fruiting bodies of a precious edible mushroom Antrodia cinnamomea with strong anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects.

4-Isopropylbenzoic acid (Cumic acid) is an aromatic monoterpenoid isolated from the stem bark of Bridelia retusa. 4-Isopropylbenzoic acid shows antifungal activities. 4-Isopropylbenzoic acid is also a reversible and uncompetitive mushroom tyrosinase inhibitor.

Kojic acid is a fungal metabolite that inhibits tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in melanin synthesis, with an IC50 value of 30.6 μM for mushroom tyrosinase.

Benzylacetone (4-Phenyl-2-butanone) is an aromatic compound extracted from incense wood. Benzylacetone has appetite-enhancing and exercise-reducing properties. Benzylacetone has a strong and reversible anti-mushroom tyrosinase effect, with IC50 values of 2.8 mM and 0.6 mM for monophenolase and biphenolase effects, respectively.

Tetrahydrofolic acid trihydrochloride (L-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolic acid trihydrochloride) is a biologically active vitamin B9 derivative, a receptor for free formaldehyde, and an effective suicide substrate for mushroom tyrosinase, inhibiting indole ethylamine methylation by methyl-tetrahydrofolate.

p-Tolualdehyde is a RIFM flavor that shows inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase.

γ-Amanitin, an ADC (antibody-drug conjugate) cytotoxin isolated from mushrooms, inhibits RNA polymerase II, disrupting mRNA synthesis. It exhibits effects akin to those of α-Amanitin and β-Amanitin.

ε-Amanitin is a cyclic peptide obtained from various mushroom species. It exhibits a strong affinity for RNA polymerase II and effectively inhibits its activity.

Phallacidin, a phallotoxin family member, targets and binds to F-actin in mushroom toxins.

Benzoyloxypaeoniflorin (Benzoyloxypeoniflorin) is a natural product,contributes to improving blood circulation through their inhibitory effects on both platelet aggregation and blood coagulation.

Ibotenic acid hydrate ((RS)-Ibotenic acid hydrate) is an excitatory amino acid receptor agonist that primarily exerts its effects by activating glutamate receptors, such as NMDA receptors. Ibotenic acid hydrate can be extracted from the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria).

Dihydroaltenuene B acts as an effective mushroom tyrosinase inhibitor, exhibiting an inhibition concentration (IC50) of 38.33 µM. It demonstrates hydrogen bonding interactions with the His244, Met280, and Gly281 residues of tyrosinase through its 3-OH and 4'-OH groups.

Phaeosphaone D, a thiodiketopiperazine alkaloid isolated from the endophytic fungus Phaeosphaeria fuckelii, exhibits inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase, with an IC50 value of 33.2 μM [1].

Chetoseminudin B exhibits inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase, with an IC 50 value of 31.7 μM [1].

Isoguaiacin, a natural product [1], exhibits (hass) the potential to be (to exist as) an (a) effective pharmacological agent due to its (its) ability to inhibit (the inhibition of) mushroom tyrosinase. This (The) inhibition is (taking place) in a manner that demonstrates greater (a higher) selectivity towards mushroom tyrosinase compared to human tyrosinase, suggesting a reduced (a lower) risk of off-target effects in humans. Additionally, isoguaiacin shows (displays) promising (promising) activity against (in combating) certain cancer cell lines, further affirming its potential as (an) anticancer agent.

Broussoflavonol F has antiplatelet effect, is partially due to an inhibitory effect on cyclooxygenase, can inhibit arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation. Broussoflavonol F shows inhibitory activities on mushroom tyrosinase. Broussoflavonol F

Isoanhydroicaritin is a naturally occurring flavonoid that inhibits physiological melanin synthesis and recovery and inhibits mushroom tyrosinase.

Kurarinol is a potent inhibitor of sortase A, with an IC50 value of 107.7 ± 6.6 μM. Kurarinol has extremely strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity, exerts varying degrees of inhibition on tyrosinase-dependent melanin biosynthesis, is a candidate as skin-whitening agents.

Methyl rosmarinate is a noncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitor isolated from Rabdosia serra, with an IC50 of 0.28 mM for mushroom tyrosinase. It exhibits antioxidative and antifungal activities, and also inhibits tyrosinase, α±-glucosidase, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1).

Uralenol significantly shows the inhibitory activities against the PTP1B enzyme; it also shows inhibitory activities on mushroom tyrosinase using l-tyrosine as substrate( IC50 =49.5 μM). Uralenol shows potent anti-proliferation effects on ER-positive breast cancer MCF-7 cells in vitro.

2-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-6-hydroxybenzofuran exhibits radical scavenging activities and inhibits mushroom tyrosinase with an IC50 value of 5.2 [micronM], acting as a competitive inhibitor.

Alboctalol inhibits mushroom tyrosinase activity.