voltage-dependent

L-Phenylalanine (3-Phenyl-L-alanine) is an essential amino acid and the precursor of the amino acid tyrosine, acts as an antagonist at α2δ calcium channels.

Paxilline is an indole alkaloid mycotoxin from *Penicillium paxilli*, acting as a potent BK channel inhibitor via an almost exclusively closed-channel block mechanism. Paxilline possesses significant anticonvulsant activity.

(R)-IDHP, an isomer of IDHP and a metabolite of salvia, exhibits vasorelaxant properties by inhibiting calcium (Ca 2+) release and inward flow through both voltage-dependent and receptor-operated calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. It is utilized in cardiovascular disease research [1].

Evocarpine shows antimycobacterial, and vasorelaxant effects, it can inhibit Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent calcium channels.

1-Hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxyxanthone (HM-1) exhibits vasodilator action through an endothelium-dependent mechanism involving NO and an endothelium-independent mechanism by inhibiting Ca(2+) influx via L-type voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels. A minor contribution to HM-1's effects may stem from inhibiting protein kinase C-mediated release of intracellular Ca(2+) stores. At 1 µg mL, HM-1 effectively inhibits osteoclast differentiation in co-cultures with mouse osteoblastic calvarial and bone marrow cells and protects mice from acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), likely by increasing IκB-α protein expression and suppressing inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-Ⅱ protein expression.

Hardwickiic acid ((-)-Hardwickiic acid) is a natural compound derived from Pulicaria gnaphalodes with anti-injury receptor properties. It blocks tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-dependent sodium channels and exhibits anti-inflammatory and insecticidal activity.