theophylline

Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac, and central nervous system stimulant activities. It inhibits the 3', 5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase that degrades cyclic AMP, thus potentiating the actions of agents that act through adenylyl cyclases and cyclic AMP.

1-Methylxanthine is a caffeine derivative. 1-Methylxanthine is an essential human urinary metabolite of caffeine and theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine, TP). 1-Methylxanthine enhances the radiosensitivity of tumor cells.

Acefylline (Theophylline-7-acetic acid), a stimulant drug of the xanthine chemical class, acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist. It is combined with diphenhydramine in the pharmaceutical preparation Etanautine to help offset its stimulant effects

Proxyphylline (7-(2-Hydroxypropyl)theophylline) is a dual of adenosine A1/A2a receptor inhibitor and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Proxyphylline acts as a cardiac stimulant, vasodilator and bronchodilator.

1,3-Dimethyluric acid, a product of theophylline metabolism in man, is one of the purine components in urinary calculi.

(-)-Chimonanthine (IC50 = 0.93 μM) shows potent inhibitory effects on melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated murine B16 melanoma 4A5 cells.

(R)-5-Hydroxy-1,7-diphenylheptan-3-one ((5R)-Dihydroyashabushiketol) is extracted from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum, a Chinese medicinal herb, and inhibits melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated murine B16 melanoma 4A5 cells.