renal toxicity

Citric Acid Monohydrate is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative.

1. Citric acid (Citro) (1-2 g kg) can decrease brain lipid peroxidation and inflammation, liver damage, and DNA fragmentation. 2. Citric acid denture cleansers can reduce C. albicans biofilm accumulation and cell viability. However, this CT did not prevent biofilm recolonization.

OAT1 3-IN-2 (compound 8) is a dual inhibitor of OAT1 and OAT3, demonstrating potential protective effects against Cys-Hg toxicity in HEK-OAT1 cells (10 μM) and may safeguard renal function. This compound is useful for investigating mercury-induced nephrotoxicity [1].

OAT1 3-IN-1 (compound 7), a dual inhibitor of OAT1 and OAT3, mitigates Cys-Hg toxicity in HEK-OAT1 cells at 10 μM and offers potential kidney protection. This compound is used in the investigation of mercury-induced renal damage [1].