neurotoxicity

Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) is a potent and selective inhibitor of iron death. Ferrostatin-1 potently inhibits Erastin-induced iron death in HT-1080 cells with an EC50 of 60 nM. Ferrostatin-1 also exhibits antioxidant and antifungal activities.

Oxidopamine hydrobromide (6-OHDA hydrobromide) is a neurotransmitter dopamine antagonist.

Oxidopamine hydrochloride (6-Hydroxydopamine hydrochloride) is an neurotransmitter dopamine antagonist.

Tolmetin (Tolectin) is a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug. The mechanism of action of tolmetin is as a Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor. The chemical classification of tolmetin is Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Compounds.

DB04760 is a highly selective, non-zinc-chelating inhibitor of MMP-13 (IC50: 8 nM). DB04760 obviously decreases paclitaxel neurotoxicity and has anticancer activity.

Erbulozole (R 55104) is a potent synthetic microtubule inhibitor with anti-invasive, anti-tumor, and radiosensitizing activities that induces Wernicke's encephalopathy-like neurotoxicity.

Copper histidine inhibited Ctr1-mediated cellular uptake of oxaliplatin in vitro without altering oxaliplatin accumulation of platinum or neurotoxicity in DRG tissues in vivo. Copper histidine is administered orally for the treatment of Menkes disease.

Orphenadrine is a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that inhibits clonal HERG channels in a concentration-dependent manner, producing an IC of 0.85 μM in HEK cells.Orphenadrine is an antagonist of central and peripheral muscarinic receptors. Attenuation is blocked by mutations in pore residues Y652 or F656. Orphenadrine has antispasmodic, analgesic, and anticholinergic activity and protects against glutamatergic neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo.Orphenadrine has inhibitory effects on sodium channels and can be used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

S1R agonist 2 is a selective S1R agonist with a Ki of 88 nM for S2R and 1.1 nM for S1R and is protective against ROS and NMDA-induced neurotoxicity.

Idebenone (CV-2619) is a synthetic analogue of ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10), a vital cell antioxidant and essential component of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC).

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is an intermediate in the synthesis of ethylene, the plant hormone responsible for biological processes ranging from seed germination to organ senescence. It is a small molecule agonist at the glycine modulatory site of the NMDA receptor (EC50 = 0.7-0.9 μM) in the presence of low levels (1 μM) of glutamate and as a competitive antagonist at the glutamate-binding site on NMDA receptors (EC50 = 81.6 nM) with high levels (10 μM) of glutamate.2 This compound has been reported to protect against neuron cell death in vivo models of ischemia by enabling moderate levels of NMDA receptor activation and attenuating any excess NMDA receptor signaling that may lead to neurotoxicity.

D-Arabitol is a polyol that can lead to neurotoxicity when accumulated in the body.

Tetrahydropapaverine hydrochloride (Norlaudanosine HCl) , an analogue of salsolinol and tetrahydropapaveroline, has neurotoxicity on dopamine neurons.

Benzamide (Amid kyseliny benzoove), an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, is a derivative of benzoic acid.

AM 281, a cannabinoid antagonist, reduces neurologic dysfunction and mortality rate after cecal ligation and puncture in rats.

1. Linarin (Acacetin-7-O-rutinoside) (acacetin-7-O-β-d-rutinoside) shows selective dose dependent inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase. 2. Linarin alleviates GalN LPS-induced liver injury by suppressing TNF-α-mediated apoptotic pathways. 3. Linarin prevents A beta-induced neurotoxicity through the activation of PI3K Akt, which subsequently inhibits GSK-3b and up-regulates Bcl-2. 4. The piperine significantly enhanced the oral absorption of Linarin in rats by inhibiting P-glycoprotein mediated cellular efflux during the intestinal absorption and likely simultaneously by inhibiting the metabolism of Linarin.

Cefepime (BMY-28142) is a cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity, induces neurotoxicity, inhibits both Gram-positive and Gram-negative, and can be used in the study of anaerobic bacteria.

PQM130 is a neuroprotective compound ,and is a potential anti-AD drug.

AG-825(Tyrphostin C15) is a selective and competitive ErbB2 inhibitor that inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation with an IC50 value of 0.35 μM.AG-825 (Tyrphostin C15) inhibits HER2 and shows anticancer activity in a mouse xenograft model of breast cancer.AG-825 ( Tyrphostin C15) is a potentially active molecule for overcoming manganese-induced neurotoxicity or the development of Alzheimer's disease, and promotes apoptosis in human neutrophils, which could be used in the study of breast cancer.

CI-943 is a novel potential antipsychotic drug that does not bind to dopamine (DA) receptors and has some developmental neurotoxicity.

Indibulin (D 24851) is a synthetic small molecule with antimitotic and potential antineoplastic activities.Indibulin an orally applicable inhibitor of tubulin assembly, shows potent anticancer activity with a minimal neurotoxicity. Indibulin reduces inter-kinetochoric tension, produces aberrant spindles, activates mitotic checkpoint proteins Mad2 and BubR1, and induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis.

CBBR is an inhibitor of wild type and mutant alpha-synuclein aggregation. CBBR also a modulator of neurotoxicity.

Aβ-IN-10 (Compound Alz-5) is a bifunctional copper chelator and an inhibitor of beta-amyloid (Aβ), interacting with Aβ aggregates to reduce their neurotoxicity. This compound also displays antioxidative properties and exhibits moderate cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y and HepG2 cells in the presence of CuCl2, with IC50 values of 65.5 and 31.2 μM, respectively. Additionally, Aβ-IN-10 reduces the increase in cell rigidity caused by Aβ.

CL-13 is an inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), exhibiting an IC50 of 1.15 μM and a selectivity index (SI) of 9.2 for acetylcholinesterase. It demonstrates antioxidative activity in SH-SY5Y cells with a DPPHEC50 of 47.01 μM and has the capacity to chelate metals involved in Aβ aggregation and or oxidative stress, showing no neurotoxicity at concentrations up to 50 μM. CL-13 can also reverse scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments without affecting motor abilities in mice.