mosquito

Allethrin induces oxidative stress, apoptosis and calcium release. Allethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide is a major mosquito repellent agent.

β-Damascone are a series of closely related chemical compounds that are components of a variety of essential oils. The damascones belong to a family of chemicals known as rose ketones, which also includes damascenones and ionones. beta-Damascone is a contributor to the aroma of roses, despite its relatively low concentration, and is an important fragrance chemical used in perfumery.

Picaridin (Lcaridin) is a topical insect repellent.

HNMPA-(AM)3 inhibits activation of ERK phosphorylation and stimulation of ecdysteroid production by prothyrotropin (PTTH). Furthermore, HNMPA-(AM)3 had inhibitory effects on ecdysteroid production (IC50=14.2 μM) and insulin receptor activity (IC50=14.2 μM and 200 μM, in mosquitoes and mammals, respectively).

1. dl-Maackiain (Demethylpterocarpin) induces apoptosis and growth suppression 2. MAK1 is the second functional gene cloned from Maackiain detoxification.

D-Phenothrin ((-)-trans-Phenothrin) is a type II synthetic pyrethroid extensively employed in veterinary medicine for pest control on animals, crop protection, and the elimination of insects, mosquitoes, and human lice.

TCMDC-135051 is a potent and selective PfCLK3 protein kinase inhibitor demonstrating significant antiparasiticidal activity (EC50=320 nM) while exhibiting minimal off-target toxicity. It effectively hinders the transition from trophozoite to schizont, impairs transcription, and diminishes transmission to the mosquito vector.

VU625 (VU007625) is a selective and potent AeKir1 inhibitor (IC50: 96.8 nM) that acts as a mosquito killer and inhibits AeKir1-mediated currents.

Benzyl ether (Benzyl oxide) is an organic compound commonly used to protect hydroxyl groups and is mainly used as a toughening agent for nitrocellulose, a solvent for flavors, a rubber antioxidant, and a mosquito repellent. Acetovanillone-Derived benzyl ether has antimicrobial activity.

Tectoquinone exhibits strong mosquito larvicidal activity.

DDD01035881 is a novel and highly potent anti-malarial drug that blocks parasite-to-mosquito transmission with nanomolar activity by targeting the Plasmodium vesicle membrane protein Pfs16 and blocking the formation of male gametes in the life cycle of the malaria parasite.

AChE-IN-73 (compound 6), an insecticide, exhibits potent mosquito inhibitory capabilities, particularly against C. pipiens with an LC 50 of 78.0 mg/L. It demonstrates high affinity for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), with respective binding energies of -8.11 kcal/mol and -6.27 kcal/mol.

AL284 is an effective inhibitor of the Anopheles gambiae acetylcholinesterase 1 (AgAChE1), showing potential for research into mosquito-borne diseases. This compound targets the enzyme that is crucial for the mosquito's neurological processes, providing a foundation for studying diseases transmitted by these insects.

Butyl cinnamate is an agent of mosquito repellent.

N, N-Diethyl-p-toluamide is an agent of mosquito repellent.

Insecticidal agent 20 (Compound 17) is an insecticide that binds to AChBP. It demonstrates effective insecticidal activity against mosquito larvae (LC50: 1.57 ppm) and pupae (LC50: 4.17 ppm).

Niloticin is a mosquito insecticide from Limonia acidissima L.

Etofenprox is an orally active non-ester pyrethroid insecticide. It is toxic to various pests including Diptera, with mild effects on mammals and fish. This compound promotes liver tumor formation in rats and increases microsomal ROS levels. It is suitable for agricultural pest control and malaria-related research.

Insecticidal agent 21 (Compound 6) is an insecticide targeting Culex pipiens larvae with an LC50 of 0.4 μg/mL. It achieves multi-target neurotoxicity by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and simultaneously targeting other neural receptors, including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC), and γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAAR). Insecticidal agent 21 shows potent insecticidal activity and can be utilized in the development of new insecticides to combat mosquito resistance to conventional agents.

WJM664 is a potent inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum PfATP4. It significantly inhibits the malaria parasite by blocking gametocyte development and mosquito transmission through the inhibition of Na+-dependent ATPase activity mediated by PfATP4, affecting multiple stages of the parasite's lifecycle.

Prallethrin is an airborne mosquito repellent and a non-fluorinated pyrethroid that targets lung surfactant proteins (SPs). It exhibits vapor toxicity and can bind to SPs through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, impairing their function. Prallethrin is utilized in research concerning respiratory diseases, pathogenic infections, and malignant tumors.

AChE/nAChR-IN-1 (Compound 1a) is a dual-function inhibitor targeting AChE and nAChR. It exhibits potent toxicity and larvicidal effects against Culex pipiens larvae, with an LC50 of 4 ng/mL. AChE/nAChR-IN-1 can be utilized as a larvicide in mosquito-borne disease research.

SCPI-1 is a potent and competitive inhibitor of mosquito sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2), with an inhibition concentration (AeSCP-2IC50) of 0.347 µM and (AeSCP-xIC50) of 0.527 µM. It exhibits physiological effects on cholesterol metabolism in cultured insect cells (IC50 of 5.53 µM in Aag-2 cells). Additionally, SCPI-1 shows insecticidal activity against Aedes aegypti, with an LD50 of 4.8 µM.

SCPI-3 is a potent and competitive inhibitor of mosquito sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2), with inhibition concentrations of AeSCP-2IC50 = 0.159 µM and AeSCP-xIC50 = 0.285 µM. It physiologically impacts cholesterol metabolism in cultured insect cells, showing an IC50 of 3.09 µM in Aag-2 cells. SCPI-1 exhibits insecticidal activity against Aedes aegypti, with an LD50 of 12.3 µM.