Cupressales

Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a natural product and a microtubule polymer stabilizer. Paclitaxel has anti-tumor activity and causes cell death by inducing mitotic arrest, apoptosis, and cell autophagy.

(-)-Catechin ((-)-Cianidanol), an isomer of catechin, inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.

Homoharringtonine (HHT) is a natural alkaloid that inhibits the translation of proteins and is cytotoxic. Homoharringtonine acts on the ribosomes of tumor cells to inhibit the elongation step of protein translation, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis, and has antitumor activity.

Harringtonine is a naturally occurring alkaloid that inhibits DNA synthesis and protein synthesis and strongly kills S-phase cells. Harringtonine has antitumor and antiviral activities.

Amentoflavone (3',8''-Biapigenin), as a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9, can interact with many other medications. CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 are proteins used for drug metabolism in the body. Amentoflavone also is an inhibitor of human cathepsin B. It has antimalarial activity in trials significant affinities towards the Delta-1, kappa opioid receptors (as an antagonist) and binds to benzodiazepine receptors. Amentoflavone may be a potential lead for a new type of anti-inflammatory agents having the dual inhibitory activity of group II phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase. Amentoflavone and quercetin differentially exerted suppression of PGE2 biosynthesis via downregulation of COX-2/iNOS expression.

Taxifolin (Dihydroquercetin) is a flavonoid in many plants such as Taxus chinensis, Siberian larch, Cedrus deodara and so on.

Hinokiflavone, a novel modulator of pre-mRNA splicing activity both in vitro and in cellulo, inhibits the assembly of the spliceosome, particularly blocking the formation of the B complex. Additionally, it acts as a SUMO protease inhibitor by impeding the activity of sentrin-specific protease 1 (SENP1). Hinokiflavone also demonstrates significant cytotoxicity, including the inhibition of MMP-9.

Baccatin III (Baccatin Ⅲ) is a polycyclic diterpene which can be used for the semi-synthesis of paclitaxel and analogs. It has immunomodulatory and anticancer chemotherapeutic activities.

9-dihydro-13-acetylbaccatin III (9-DHAB III)is an apoptosis inducer. It shows cytotoxicity against the MCF7 cell line and drug-resistant cell line MCF7-ADR.

Hinokitiol (4-Isopropyltropolone) can inhibit ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes and strongly suggest that the inhibitory mechanism is due to the antioxidant activity of metallothionein induced by the agent. Also, Hinokitiol modulates estrogen receptor signaling and inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells.

Taxol C can reduce interaction with the P-glycoprotein transporter that may allow for increased permeation of taxanes into the brain.

7-Epi 10-desacetyl paclitaxel (10-Deacetyl-7-epipaclitaxel) shows IC50 values of 0.085 nM, against HeLa cells.

(+)-Catechin pentaacetate (Catechin pentaacetate) is an esterified derivative of catechin with the potential to improve intestinal morphology and function and positively modulate the microbiome, and reduce iron and zinc transport proteins in the duodenum.

(-)-Cedrene (Alpha-Cedrene) is a sesquiterpene from cedar oil that has anti-leukemia, antibacterial and anti-obesity properties.

1. 7-epi-Taxol (7-Epitaxol) is the major derivative of taxol found in cells and that its presence does not alter, in a major way, the overall biological activity of taxol.

10-Deacetylbaccatin-III is an intermediate for the preparation of taxol analogs, possessing anti-cancer activity.

1-Hydroxybaccatin I possesses significant antinociceptive activity against p- benzoquinone-induced abdominal contractions.

Sinapinic Acid (Synapoic acid) protects the rat liver from CCl4-induced inflammation, most likely by acting as a free radical scavenger and modulator of NF-κB p65 activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Sinapic acid with antioxidant role protects cardiac cells and its functions from I/R induced oxidative stress. Sinapic acid is a potentially useful agent for the protection against liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Sinapic acid prevents the alterations in the levels of lipids and lipoproteins by virtue of its anti-lipidaemic effect in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted rats. Sinapic acid ameliorates hyperglycemia through PLC-PKC signals to enhance the glucose utilization in diabetic rats.

Poriol is a natural product from Cephalotaxus sinensis.

Cedrene (AI3-51328), a type sesquiterpene compound derived from Xylaria guizhouensis NJAU4742, promotes lateral root formation in plants and acts through growth hormone transport and signaling.

(±)-Catechin ((±)-Catechin hydrate) hydrate is a natural product,has antioxidant activity and is effective in reducing oxidative stress.

3-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid (Hydroumbellic acid) is a predicted metabolite generated by BioTransformer1 from the metabolism of 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid. It is produced by the abkar1 enzyme via a reduction-of-alpha-beta-unsaturated-compounds-pattern1 reaction in human gut microbiota.

10-Deacetyltaxol (10-DAT) is extracted from Taxus brevifolia barks.

10-Deacetyl-7-xylosyl paclitaxel (7-Xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol) is a Paclitaxel derivative with improved pharmacological features and higher water solubility,used in Chinese clinics to treat cancer.