8-Azido-ATP (8-N3-ATP) trisodium is a photolabile nucleotide analog used for identifying proteins such as DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. As a click chemistry reagent, 8-Azido-ATP trisodium features an azide group that can engage in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions (CuAAc) with alkyne-containing molecules. Additionally, it can participate in strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions (SPAAC) with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.

Cyclic GMP TBAOH is an endogenous second messenger that triggers the production of interferons in response to cytosolic DNA. It activates the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), initiating a signaling cascade that produces type I interferons and other immune mediators. The conjugate of Cyclic GMP TBAOH and AMP, known as Cyclic-GMP-AMP, can induce IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation to enhance antiviral immune responses. Additionally, Cyclic GMP TBAOH may activate PDE to degrade cAMP, inhibit the calcium current ICa in cardiomyocytes, and regulate myocardial contractility. Its derivative, 8-Br-cGMP, exhibits antiplatelet activity, making Cyclic GMP TBAOH useful for research in antiviral immunity and cardiovascular diseases.

7-Deaza-7-propargylamino-3'-azidomethyl-dGTP triethylamine is an analog of deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP) commonly utilized in next-generation sequencing (NGS).

5-Carboxy-2'-deoxyuridine is a metabolite of Trifluridine. It is produced as an oxidized methyl derivative of thymidine and can be formed through a thionaphthene (menadione)-mediated photosensitization of thymidine.

2'-O-Methyl-5-methylcytidine is a naturally occurring modified nucleoside found in tRNA that features methylation at both the ribose 2'-hydroxyl position and the cytosine 5-position, conferring enhanced stability and potential antiviral and anticancer properties, 2'-O-Methyl-5-methylcytidine is widely used as a phosphoramidite building block for synthesizing modified RNA in drug discovery and structural biology research.