Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), derived from Escherichia coli O55:B5, are essential components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Composed of lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O-specific polysaccharide, LPS exhibits strong immunogenicity. It activates immune cells via the TLR4 receptor, induces chemotactic cell migration and cytokine secretion, and helps maintain the integrity of the bacterial outer membrane, protecting against bile salts and lipid-based antibiotics. LPS is commonly used to establish inflammatory models, including arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and gastrointestinal disease models.

IPTG (Isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside) is an unmetabolizable galactose analogue. IPTG can cause the transcriptional process of the lactose operon, and thus can induce the expression of the corresponding proteins of the downstream genes of the lactose operon.

D-Ribulose has potential as an anticancer and antiviral compound and is a rare sugar used in the food, agricultural and pharmaceutical industries.

DTT (DL-Dithiothreitol) is a strong reducing agent. DTT has anti-disulfide ptosis activity and, upon oxidation, forms a stable six-membered ring with internal disulfide bonds.

Chondroitin sulfate (Chonsurid) is extracted from shark bone;Store the product in sealed, cool and dry condition

2',3'-Isopropylideneuridine is a nucleoside derivative that has shown antiviral activity in several studies, particularly against members of the Flaviviridae family (Flaviviruses), such as Hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Sucrose-epichlorohydrin copolymer (Polysucrose 400) is a high molecular weight polymer of sucrose co-polymerized with epichlorohydrin for density gradient separation of cells, cell membranes, organelles, and viral cells and protein liqudi-liquid phase separation (LLPS).

β-D-Glucan is a compound that targets tumor-associated macrophages with antitumor activity and modulates the immune response in necrotizing pancreatitis.

N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) is a terminal essential amino sugar derived from galactose and forms the antigens of blood group A in humans.

Chitin is a large, structural polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of insects, and certain hard structures in fish and invertebrates.

Biotin LC hydrazide (BACH) is a modification reagent of long-chain protein. Biotin LC hydrazide transforms periodate-oxidized glycoproteins and can be used to target glycoproteins and glycans.

L-Dithiothreitol (L-Dtt) is a chiral bidentate dithiol with two stereogenic centers. It may be used in chiroptical response research.

L-Galactose (Galactose, L-) is a natural product that is widely found in plants and animals. L-Galactose has been shown to be a key intermediate in the molecular pathway for the conversion of D-glucose to oxalic acid in Pistia stratiotes.L-Galactose has been shown to be a key intermediate in the molecular pathway for the conversion of D-glucose to oxalic acid.

Mannan is isolated from algae, mushrooms, yeast and higher plants and acts as an immunomodulator.Mannan inhibits the pro-inflammatory activity of hepatic macrophages (M1 lineage) with protective effects against many liver lesions such as necrosis or steatosis.

GLcNAc1-b-PNP is a chromogenic substrate for N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase and can be used to quantify the activity of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase in human serum and urine.

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are naturally occurring functional oligosaccharides, which are composed of 2 to 10 fructose molecules combined with glucose molecules. They are widely found in natural plants such as bananas, onions, garlic, chicory, and honey. As a typical prebiotic, fructooligosaccharides cannot be digested and absorbed by the human body, but are selectively fermented by beneficial gut bacteria, especially bifidobacteria, to promote gut health, support microbial balance.

D-Erythrose (D-(-)-Erythrose) is a four-carbon sugar, an important intermediate in various metabolic pathways.

D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate sodium salt hydrate is the intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism, including glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. During glycolysis, it is produced by phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate by phosphofructokinase. The reverse reaction mediated by fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase-1 is one of the rate-limiting steps of gluconeogenesis. The same reaction occurs in the chloroplasts of plants, D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate sodium salt hydrate as part of the reducing pentose phosphate cycle. Since cancer cells use glycolysis as a primary source of metabolic energy production, this pathway has become a major target for cancer chemotherapy.

L-Erythrulose (L-glycero-Tetrulose) is a ketose extracted from sugar cane that has tanning and moisturizing effects and is often added to skin care products.

Zymosan A, a polysaccharide derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a TLR2 agonist that can upregulate ASCL2 through the TLR2 and Wnt signaling pathways, promoting the regeneration of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) after radiation-induced injury. It exhibits significant radioprotective effects, helping to prevent and alleviate IR-induced intestinal damage. Additionally, Zymosan A can induce immune responses, inflammation, anorexia, and elevated body temperature, and is commonly used to establish peritonitis models.

Pullulan is a water-soluble extracellular polysaccharide derived from Aureobasidium pullulans, a linear, unbranched natural polymer with a high concentration of hydroxyl groups and oral activity. It features a unique chain pattern of two α-(1→4) and one α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds in its maltose repeat units, and is widely used in biomedical and biochemical experiments.

Levoglucosenone has cytotoxic. It against human hepatocarcinoma cell lines.

1,2:5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-ribo-hexofuranose is a pharmaceutical intermediate used in liquid crystal materials.

Methyl 3, 5-dihydroxybenzoate was used in the synthesis of cored dendrimers.