west nile virus

Palmatine chloride an isoquinoline alkaloid, is an important medicinal herbal extract with diverse pharmacological and biological properties.

1. Palmatine (Burasaine) is an inhibitor of dopamine generation. 2. Palmatine could potentially be developed for the treatment of flavivirus infections. 3. Palmatine has been used in the treatment of jaundice, dysentery, hypertension, inflammation, and liver-related diseases.

Anti-West Nile virus NS1 Antibody (10NS1) is an antibody targeting West Nile virus NS1 and can be used for infectious disease research.

The Anti-West Nile/dengue virus E protein Antibody (E60) is a mouse-derived IgG2akappa antibody targeting the West Nile/dengue virus E protein. Its isotype control is MouseIgG2akappa, Isotype Control.

Flaviviruses-IN-2 is a potent flaviviruses inhibitor. Flaviviruses-IN-2 reduces West Nile virus (WNV) protease activity and inhibits WNV by 56%.

TYT-1 is a West Nile virus (WNV) inhibitor exhibiting antiviral activity (IC₅₀ = 0.7 mM) by blocking the pre-assembly replication step following viral entry into cells.

Melianone exhibits antiviral activity (EC50s: 3-11μM) against three important human pathogens, belonging to the Flaviviridae family, West Nile virus, Dengue virus, and Yellow Fever virus.

Flaviviruses-IN-3 (compound 87) is a potent inhibitor of flaviviruses, capable of reducing West Nile virus (WNV) protease activity by 54%.

ZX-2401 (Compound 98a) is a purine 1,3,5-triazine analog. It exhibits significant antiviral activity against Flaviviridae family viruses, such as West Nile virus (WNV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), yellow fever virus (YFV), dengue virus (DV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and Banzi virus (BV), with an EC90 ranging from 0.6 to 10 μg/mL. Additionally, ZX-2401 significantly reduces viral yield with an EC90 of 3.3 mg/mL. It is also applicable in research involving influenza virus infections.

PS1097 is a broad-spectrum antiviral inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.64 μM for BVDV RdRp. It selectively reduces RTN3 protein levels, partially decreases RTN3 mRNA, and does not affect other endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteins. PS1097 inhibits the replication of pestiviruses and various viruses that use the endoplasmic reticulum as a replication hub. It inhibits the enzymatic activity of BVDV RdRp and is active against bovine viral diarrhea virus. PS1097 is applicable in research related to infections by Zika virus, Usutu virus, West Nile virus, COVID-19, coxsackievirus B5, chikungunya virus, and vaccinia virus.

IRBM-Z-1 is a non-competitive inhibitor of Zika virus (ZIKV) NS2B-NS3 protease with an IC50 of 1.8 μM. It also inhibits the mutated Dengue virus type 2 (DENV2) and West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 proteases, exhibiting IC50 values of 3.9 μM and 4.7 μM, respectively. IRBM-Z-1 effectively inhibits Zika virus replication and reduces virus-induced cytopathic effects, making it useful for research related to ZIKV infection.

IRBM-Z-2 is a non-competitive, orally active inhibitor of the Zika virus (ZIKV) NS2B-NS3 protease, with IC50 values of 0.04 μM for the wild-type and 3.1 μM for the I156T mutant strain. It shows broad-spectrum antiviral potential against flaviviruses, with IC50 values of 2.1 μM for Dengue virus 2 (DENV2) and 0.09 μM for West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 proteases. Additionally, IRBM-Z-1 inhibits Zika virus replication and alleviates virus-induced cytopathic effects, making it useful for studies related to ZIKV infection.

Tat-beclin 1, a peptide derived from the autophagy protein beclin 1, is a powerful inducer of autophagy. It interacts with GAPR-1 (GLIPR2), a negative regulator of autophagy. Tat-beclin 1 effectively reduces polyglutamine expansion protein aggregates and inhibits various pathogens, such as HIV-1, in laboratory experiments. Additionally, it decreases mortality in mice infected with chikungunya (CHIKV) or West Nile virus (WNV).

KIN1148 is a novel small-molecule adjuvant that acts through the RIG-I pathway and IRF-3 transcription factor to stimulate inN/Ate immunity and protection following viral infection. The adjuvant will be developed for an FDA-approved avian inluenza virus v

Favipiravir sodium is a selective inhibitor of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase with activity against many RNA viruses, influenza viruses, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus as well as other flaviviruses, arenaviruses, bunyaviruses and alphaviruses.

Palmatine hydroxide is an orally active, irreversible inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1), demonstrating IC50 values of 3 μM for HEK 293-hIDO-1 and 157μM for rhIDO-1. Additionally, it uncompetitively inhibits the West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease with an IC50 of 96 μM. This compound exhibits a range of biological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antibacterial, and antiviral effects.

Tat-beclin 1 TFA, a peptide derived from a segment of the autophagy protein beclin 1, effectively induces autophagy and interacts with the autophagy negative regulator GAPR-1 (GLIPR2). It reduces the accumulation of polyglutamine expansion protein aggregates and limits the in vitro replication of various pathogens, including HIV-1. Additionally, Tat-beclin 1 TFA has been shown to decrease mortality rates in mice infected with chikungunya (CHIKV) or West Nile virus (WNV) [1].

RCB16007 is a Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) inhibitor that exhibits inhibitory action against the West Nile virus with an effective concentration (EC50) of 7.9 μM and a cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 17 μM [1].

3'-Deoxy-3'-fluoroadenosine is a purine nucleoside analogue with broad anti-tumor and anti-viral activity, showing inhibitory effects on tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Zika virus, and West Nile virus (WNV) with EC50 values of 1.1 μM, 0.1 μM and [4.7 ± 1.5] μM, respectively. It is useful for studying tumor diseases.

3'-O-Methyladenosine is an antiviral compound with inhibitory activity against West Nile Virus and can be used for the treatment of viral infections.3'-O-Methyladenosine inhibits adenosine deaminase type VII with a Ki value of 493 µM.

Boc-GRR-AMC (TFA) is a tripeptide substrate utilized in fluorescence assays to analyze substrate specificity of West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease or to determine the optimal pH for LdMC activity.

Tat-beclin 1scrambled is the disordered segment and control of Tat-beclin 1, derived from a region of the autophagy protein beclin 1. Beclin 1 induces autophagy by interacting with HIV-1Nef and the autophagy inhibitory factor GAPR-1 (GLIPR2). Tat-beclin 1 decreases both the accumulation of polyglutamine-expanded protein aggregates and the replication of several pathogens, such as HIV. Additionally, Tat-beclin 1 reduces mortality rates in mice infected with chikungunya or West Nile virus.