nootropic

Ipidacrine (NIK‐247) (NIK‐247) is an Antidementia Agent

Aniracetam (Ro 13-5057)(Ro 13-5057), a nootropic and neuroprotective drug, selectively modulates the AMPA receptor and nAChR.

Pyrithioxin (Encefabol) is a neurodynamic compound, combined with a short period of hyperventilation (HV) was applied in cerebral infarct patients with Hemiplegia. Pyrithioxin is regarded as an encephalotropic or nootropic compound and is reported to act mainly by producing decisive improvements in cerebral metabolism.

Vincamine (Perval) is a major alkaloid of Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae. It has been used therapeutically as a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent, particularly in cerebrovascular disorders.

2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid is a structural analog of GHB, a naturally occurring substance found in the central nervous system, and a nootropic.

Omberacetam (Noopept) is a synthetic dipeptide that has been shown to produce positive nootropic and cognitive effects in animal models by a mechanism similar to other related racetam compounds.

Sunifiram (DM-235) is a potent nootropic agent, known for enhancing cognitive functions, memory, and learning abilities through modulating neurotransmitter activity, particularly via the AMPA receptor.

Pramiracetam (CI-879), derived from piracetam, is a more effective nootropic drug . According to reports, Pramiracetam improved cognitive defects related with traumatic brain wounds. Pramiracetam was also potent in the therapy of cognitive disorders of traumatic origins and cerebrovascular.

Nebracetam hydrochloride (WEB 1881 FU hydrochloride) is an agonist nootropic M1-muscarinic. Nebracetam hydrochloride induces a rise of intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Nebracetam hydrochloride exhibits an EC50 of 1.59 mM for elevating [Ca2+]i.

Rolziracetam (CI-911) is a nootropic drug of the racetam family. It can improve short-term memory in rats and monkeys.

NSI189 (NSI-189) is a nootropic and neurogenic research chemical derived from nicotinamide and pyrazine.

CX516 (Ampalex), an ampakine and nootropic, acts as an AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator as a therapy for Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Unifiram is a nootropic agent.1It increases acetylcholine (ACh) release in the rat cerebral cortexin vivoand induces a long-lasting increase in the amplitude of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in the rat hippocampal CA1 region (EC50= 27 nM). It does not bind to serotonin (5-HT), dopamine, muscarinic, nicotinic, adrenergic, glutamate, histamine, opioid, or GABA receptors at 1 μM. Unifiram (0.1 mg kg) improves memory in non-memory-impaired rats in a social learning test.2It also prevents memory deficits induced by the anticholinergic agent scopolamine, nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine, GABABreceptor agonist baclofen, or α2-adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine in the passive avoidance test in mice when administered at a dose of 0.01 mg kg and prevents memory deficits induced by the AMPA kainate glutamate receptor antagonist NBQX at 0.1 mg kg.1 1.Romanelli, M.N., Galeotti, N., Ghelardini, C., et al.Pharmacological characterization of DM232 (unifiram) and DM235 (sunifiram), new potent cognition enhancersCNS Drug Rev.12(1)39-52(2006) 2.Ghelardini, C., Galeotti, N., Gualtieri, F., et al.The novel nootropic compound DM232 (unifiram) ameliorates memory impairment in mice and ratsDrug Develop. Res.56(1)23-32(2002)

Tenilsetam (Piperazinone) is an endonuclease modulator; a nootropic agent and advanced glycation end product (AGE) inhibitor having potential for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment.

Fipexide (Attentil, Vigilor), a psychoactive drug of the piperazine chemical class, was developed in Italy in 1983. It was served as a nootropic drug in France and Italy, mainly for the therapy of senile dementia, but is no longer in common use because of the occurrence of rare drug side-effects including hepatitis and fever.

Pregnenolone monosulfate (3β-Hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one monosulfate) is a potent nootropic steroid that positively regulates NMDA recordings and is utilized in the study of neuroticism and depression.

Meclofenoxate is a cholinergic nootropic used as a dietary supplement and a drug in the treatment of senile dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

(R)-Oxiracetam, the (R)-enantiomer of the nootropic drug oxiracetam, is a nootropic drug of the racetam family and a stimulant.

Fladrafinil (CRL-40,941) is a nootropic.

Razobazam is a benzodiazepine derivative agent. It produces nootropic (improves cognitive function) effects in animal studies.

LY503430 is a AMPA receptor potentiator with oral activity. LY503430 has both nootropic and neuroprotective effects, reducing brain damage caused by 6-hydroxydopamine or MPTP.

Neramexane is an NMDA antagonist with neuroprotective effects. Neramexane has antidepressant and nootropic actions. It also acts as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist.

SB357134 is a potent, selective and orally active antagonist of 5-HT6 receptor and shows nootropic effects in animal studies.

Nooglutil is a nootropic agent being studied. In animal models, it has a variety of central nervous system effects.