multiple sclerosis (ms)

Firategrast (SB 683699) is an orally active and specific α4β1 α4β7 integrin antagonist that reduces the transport of lymphocytes into the central nervous system (CNS) and decreases multiple sclerosis (MS) activity. It is used in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, associated with modest reductions in CD4, CD8, and CD19 lymphocyte counts in cerebrospinal fluid.

BN201 (OCS-05) is a drug with neuroprotective and myelin repair effects, which acts mainly by activating serum glucocorticoid kinase-2 (SGK2), which in turn activates the FOXO3 pathway to promote neuronal survival and myelin repair. It is mainly used for the treatment of inflammatory neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).BN201 is able to regulate multiple kinases in the insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1) pathway and cross the blood-brain barrier.

Myelin Basic Protein (87-99) Acetate (Myelin Basic Protein (87-99) Acetate (118506-26-6 Free base)) is an encephalitogenic peptide that induces basic protein-specific T cell proliferation. Myelin Basic Protein (87-99) Acetate causes a Th1 polarization in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which is implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Laquinimod (ABR-215062) sodium is a carboxamide derivative administered orally that serves as a powerful immunomodulator, designed to prevent inflammation and neurodegeneration within the central nervous system. This compound effectively diminishes the activation of astrocytic NF-κB, offering protection against Cuprizone-induced demyelination. It shows promise for the treatment of both relapsing-remitting (RR) and chronic progressive (CP) forms of multiple sclerosis (MS; RRMS or CPMS), in addition to its potential applications in the study of neurodegenerative diseases [1] [2] [3] [4].

Ozanimod hydrochloride (RPC-1063 hydrochloride) is an orally available, selective and potent sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator that shows high affinity for S1P1 and S1P5.Ozanimod has potential anticancer activity and can be used in the study of multiple sclerosis (MS), ulcerative multiple sclerosis (UMS), and other diseases. (MS), ulcerative colitis, coronavirus infections and myelodysplasia.

S1P1 agonist 5 is a selective, orally active S1P1 agonist. S1P1 agonist 5 inhibits the drainage of lymphocytes from lymphoid tissue into peripheral blood. S1P1 agonist 5 has potential for studies in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Siponimod (BAF-312) hemifumarate, a selective and potent modulator of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors, can be used in the study of multiple sclerosis (MS).

BJJF078, an aminopiperidine derivative, is a potent inhibitor of recombinant human and mouse glutamine aminotransferase (TG2) activity, with IC50 values of 41 and 54 nM for human and mouse glutamine aminotransferase, respectively.BJJF078 inhibits TG1 enzyme, with an IC50 of 0.16 μM.BJJF078 can be used to study multiple sclerosis (MS). BJJF078 can be used to study multiple sclerosis (MS).

Ozanimod (RPC-1063) (RPC1063) is a specific oral S1P Receptor 1 modulator. Ozanimod has been used in trials studying the treatment of Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis, Multiple Sclerosis, and Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis.

Dalazatide (ShK-186) is a specific inhibitor of the Kv1.3 potassium channel, used in research on autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease [1] [2] [3].

Dalazatide (ShK-186) TFA, a precise Kv1.3 potassium channel peptide inhibitor, is employed in researching autoimmune conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease [1] [2] [3].

Rovelizumab, a humanized monoclonal leukointegrin antibody, targets CD11 CD18 cell adhesion proteins. It has potential applications in the research of multiple sclerosis (MS), hemorrhagic shock, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke [1].

Myelin Basic Protein (87-99) TFA, an encephalitogenic peptide, promotes basic protein-specific T cell proliferation and induces Th1 polarization in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) [1] [2].

PTPσ Inhibitor ISP is a compound that binds to recombinant human PTPs, thereby inhibiting PTPσ signaling. It has the capability to penetrate membranes and counteract the inhibitory effects of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) on axonal sprouting in spinal cord injury models. Additionally, it fosters remyelination in lysolecithin (LPC)-induced demyelinated spinal cords and supports the migration and maturation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), enhancing remyelination and functional recovery in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) animal models [1] [2].

γ-Fibrinogen377-395 TFA is an inhibitory peptide derived from fibrinogen, which also functions as a fibrinogen epitope. It effectively blocks microglial activation and impedes fibrin-Mac-1 interactions in vitro. Additionally, it exhibits in vivo efficacy by suppressing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. This compound has applications in researching multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neuroinflammatory diseases linked to blood-brain barrier disruption and microglial activation [1].

γ-Fibrinogen377-395 is a peptide derived from fibrinogen, functioning both as an inhibitory molecule and an epitope. It inhibits microglial activation, disrupts fibrin-Mac-1 interactions in vitro, and mitigates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in murine models in vivo. This compound is relevant for research into multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neuroinflammatory disorders characterized by blood-brain barrier compromise and microglial activation [1].

PLP (180-199), an active biological peptide comprising amino acids 180-199 of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP)—the predominant myelin protein in the central nervous system (CNS)—is utilized in research focused on multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory demyelinating condition of the CNS.

Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) fragment 146-170 is utilized in the study of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) [1].

Dirucotide (MBP8298), a synthetic 17-amino acid peptide, mirrors a segment of human myelin basic protein and has applications in research on central nervous system autoimmune disorders, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS) [1].

Tolebrutinib (PRN2246) is a potent, selective, orally active and brain-penetrant Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor(IC50s of 0.4 and 0.7 nM in Ramos B cells and in HMC microglia cells, respectively). It exhibits efficacy in central nervous system immunity. Tolebrutinib can be used for the research of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Temelimab (GNbAC-1) is a monoclonal antibody targeting endogenous retroviruses in humans, used for studying multiple sclerosis (MS) and type 1 diabetes (T1D).