hypotension

Guanfacine hydrochloride (Intuniv) is a centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.

S-Methylisothiourea sulfate ((S)-Methylisothiourea sulfate) is a potent and selective inhibitor of iNOS and exerts beneficial effects in rodent models of septic shock[1].

Glycyl-glutamine (Glycyl-L-glutamine monohydrate) is an inhibitory neuropeptide derived from beta-endorphin.

Blonanserin (AD-5423) is an atypical antipsychotic approved in Japan in January, 2008. Relative to many other antipsychotics, blonanserin has an improved tolerability profile, lacking side effects such as extrapyramidal symptoms, excessive sedation, or hypotension.

Droxidopa (L-DOPS) is an effective orally active norepinephrine precursor capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. It can increase standing blood pressure, improve symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, and enhance standing ability. Droxidopa is commonly used in studies of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) and alternative treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Theodrenaline hydrochloride is an inhibitor targeting SARS-CoV-2 for the study of hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia.

Fludrocortisone (Florinef) is a synthetic corticosteroid with moderate glucocorticoid potency and greater mineralocorticoid potency. Fludrocortisone is in research use for the treatment of hypotension.[3]

CV-6209 is a potent antagonist of the platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor.

Cafedrine (Cafedrin) is found in tea and coffee and has a central nervous system stimulant effect.Cafedrine is often used in a 20:1 combination with a fixed dose of cortisone in the study of acute hypotension.

N 0861 is a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist that attenuates renal insufficiency during adenosine-controlled hypotension in rats.

Heptaminol hydrochloride (RP-2831 hydrochloride), a vasoconstrictor, is used in the therapy of hypotension, especially orthostatic hypotension.

Bethanechol chloride (Carbamyl-β-methylcholine chloride) is a slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. It is used to increase smooth muscle tone in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or to treat urinary retention without obstruction. Possible side effects include hypotension, heart rate changes, and bronchial spasm.

1. Methyl eugenol (4-allylveratrole) is a natural constituent of the essential oils of a number of plants widely used in foodstuffs as flavouring agents, in view of the carcinogenic potential of ME, the need to check its presence in food products with effective analytical methods. 2. Methyleugenol has insecticidal properties. 3. Methyleugenol can inhibit the production of nitric oxide and decreased the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, it down-regulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the ischemic brain as well as in immunostimulated mixed glial cells; indicates that methyleugenol could be useful for the treatment of ischemia/inflammation-related diseases. 4. Methyleugenol has cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. 5. Intravenous (i.v.) treatment with methyleugenol (ME) in either anesthetized or conscious rats elicits hypotension, an effect that seems related to an active vascular relaxation rather than withdrawal of sympathetic tone. 6. Methyleugenol has antinociceptive effect on the second phase of formalin-induced pain, may be due to the inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor-mediated hyperalgesia via GABA(A) receptors. 7. Methyleugenol has elaxant and antispasmodic actions on guinea-pig isolated ileum.

Metaraminol tartrate (Metaradrine tartrate) is a sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.

Metaraminol hydrochloride, used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION, is a sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors.

Omapatrilat is an orally active dual inhibitor of ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) and NEP (neprilysin), with Ki values of 0.64 and 0.45 nM, respectively, capable of suppressing induced hypotension in rats.

Octopamine, an alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine biosynthesized from tyramine, is used to treat hypotension and may act as a cardiotonic. It may be found in the platelets, CNS, and invertebrate nervous systems.

Xibenolol hydrochloride (D32 hydrochloride) is an orally active beta-adrenoceptor blocker. It is used in research related to tachycardia and hypotension.

Oxypyrronium bromide is an anticholinergic and spasmolytic agent containing quaternary ammonium. In animal models it inhibited gastric motility, hypotension induced by vagus stimulation or intravenation of acetylcholine; salivation induced by chorda tympani nerve stimulation, and contraction elicited by preganglionic cervical sympathetic nerve stimulation.

Midodrine is a vasopressor/antihypertensive agent for the treatment of symptomatic postural hypotension.

Pipotiazine has less sedating and a weak propensity for causing hypotension or potentiating the effects of CNS depressants and anesthetics among the different phenothiazine derivatives. However, it produces a high incidence of extra pyramidal reactions. I

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is the major eicosanoid product of mast cells and is produced in large quantities by hematopoietic PGD synthase during allergic and asthmatic anaphylaxis. It causes vasodilation, flushing, hypotension, and is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Prostaglandin D2 methyl ester (PGD2 methyl ester) is a more lipid-soluble, cell-permeable prodrug form of PGD2. It binds to the human and mouse PGD2 receptors (DP1 and CRTH2/DP2) with 5-10 fold lower affinity than PGD2.

Rupatadine (UR-12592, rupatadine) is a potent and orally available dual antagonist of PAF and histamine H1 receptors with Ki values of 0.55 μM and 0.1 μM, respectively, which provides relief of allergic symptoms and anti-inflammatory properties, and is used in allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria.

Ciprostene is the 9β-methyl analog of carbaprostacyclin and a stable analog of PGI2. Ciprostene exhibits biological activity similar to PGI2, but is 30-fold less potent. In patas monkeys, ciprostene induces hypotension and causes tachycardia when administered at a dose of 0.16 μg/kg/min. In addition, ciprostene inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo and in vitro with ID50 values of 9.1 μg/kg/min and 60 ng/ml, respectively.