glutamic acid

D-Glutamic acid ((R)-Glutamic acid), the enantiomer of L-glutamic acid, is widely used in medicine and food.

L-Glutamic acid (Glutaminol) acts as an excitatory transmitter, shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.

N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid (Ac-L-Glu-OH) (NAcGlu) is an acetylated amino acid. NAcGlu is biosynthesized from glutamic acid and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme N-acetyl glutamate synthase (NAGS). NAcGlu activates carbamoyl phosphate synthetase in the urea cycle. A deficiency in N-acetyl glutamate synthase or a genetic mutation in the gene coding for the enzyme will lead to urea cycle failure in which ammonia is not converted to urea, but rather accumulated in the blood leading to the condition called Type I hyperammonemia.

L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt (MSG) (Monosodium glutamate) is an activator of mGlu1 receptor.

L-Glutamic acid (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid (Glutaminol) acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter, an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors, and facilitates dopamine release from nerve terminals.

DL-Glutamic acid, the conjugate acid of Glutamic acid, serves as a crucial metabolite. In comparison to the α and β polymorphs of L-Glutamic acid's second phase, DL-Glutamic acid exhibits enhanced stability[1].

β-Citryl-L-glutamic acid (β-Citrylglutamic acid) is a type of citryl glutamic acid that can be isolated from the brains of neonatal rats.

Formiminoglutamic acid (NSC 334078) is a biomarker for formylaminoglutaminuria, an indicator of folate deficiency.

L-Pyroglutamic acid (pidolic acid), a cyclized derivative of the L-GLUTAMIC ACID, can elevate blood levels. This function may be associated with problems of GLUTATHIONE or GLUTAMINE metabolism.

DL-Pyroglutamic acid exhibited a strong inactivating effect on hepatitis B surface antigen.

DL-Glutamine (2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid), a non-essential amino acid, exists abundantly throughout the body and is participated in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia, and is the main carrier of nitrogen in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.

L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide), a non-essential amino acid, is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia.

(R)-5-Oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (D-Pyroglutamic acid) is a cyclic derivative of glutamic acid, physiologically present in mammalian tissues. It releases GABA from the cerebral cortex and exhibits anti-anxiety effects in a simple approach-avoidance conflict situation in rats. In clinical pharmacology experiments, it significantly shortens the plasma half-life of ethanol during acute intoxication.

5'-Guanylic acid disodium salt (GMP-5) is a purine ribonucleoside monophosphate. L-Glutamic acid and guanosine monophosphate are biosynthesized from xanthylic acid and L-glutamine via GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]. Guanosine triphosphate and guanosine monophosphate are biosynthesized from diguanosine tetraphosphate via bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase [asymmetrical]. In humans, guanosine monophosphate is involved in the kanamycin, telithromycin, tobramycin, and erythromycin action pathways, and several metabolic disorders including AICA-ribosiduria, adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (aprt), and 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria (D and L form) pathways. Guanosine monophosphate is also found in foods like onion-family vegetables, millet, Chinese water chestnut, and red rice, serving as a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.

2-Ketoglutaric acid is a key molecule in the tricarboxylic acid cycle,is also connected to glutamic acid and glutamine metabolisms through the transamination reactions.

Paederosidic acid has significant anti-tumor, anticonvulsant and sedative effects. Paederosidic acid increases brain gamma-aminobutyric acid and decreases glutamic acid in the brain, and it up-regulates expressions of GAD 65, may be a promising future the

gamma-Glutamylarginine, a γ-glutamic acid oligopeptide, can be isolated from Panax ginseng [1].