endocrine

RPR107393 free base is a selective and potent inhibitor of squalene synthase (SQS) for the study of neurological disorders and endocrine and metabolic disorders.

SPD-473 citrate (BTS 74398 citrate) is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, a norepinephrine transporter protein (NET) inhibitor, and a 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor, and is used in the study of neurological disorders and endocrine and metabolic diseases.

MK-0773 (PF-05314882) is a selective androgen receptor modulator that binds to AR (IC50: 6.6 nM) for the study of diseases caused by endocrine abnormalities.

PS423 (PS210AM) is a substrate-selective inhibitor of PDK1 and a selective PDK1 activator that inhibits the phosphorylation and activation of S6K, and is used in the study of endocrine and metabolic disorders.

Rioprostil is a methyl prostaglandin E1 analog that decreases gastric acid secretion and enhances the gastric mucus-bicarbonate barrier. It is effective in the treatment of gastric ulcers and gives significant protection against NSAID-induced gastric muco

Eflucimibe (L0081) is an acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and endocrine and metabolic disorders, and can be used to study atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia.

Eldacimibe (WAY-ACA-147) is an ACAT2 inhibitor for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and endocrine and metabolic disorders, study of atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia.

Ronacaleret HCl (SB-751689) is a small molecule CaSR antagonist for the treatment of endocrine and metabolic diseases, skin and musculoskeletal disorders.

BMS-903452 is a potent and selective GPR119 agonist with an EC50 of 14 nM, indicated for the treatment of acute and chronic rodent diabetes. GPR119 is mainly expressed in pancreatic b cells and gastrointestinal endocrine cells. BMS-903452 shows no significant inhibitory effect on 9 cytochrome P450 enzymes (IC50 > 40 μM), does not activate PXR (EC50 > 50 μM), and is not toxic to liver (HEPG2) cell lines.

Ciamexon (Ciamexone) is a novel immunomodulator that has shown promising results in experimental models of autoimmune disease with little demonstrated cytotoxicity.Ciamexon can be used to study endocrine ophthalmopathies and diabetes mellitus, with slight improvement in ophthalmic disease following short-term administration.

Denagliptin is a small molecule dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor for the treatment of endocrine Ü metabolic diseases and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes.

Oxybenzone is a UV filter commonly used in tanning and skin protection agents. It is a derivative of benzophenone and is used as an endocrine disrupting chemical that penetrates the placental and blood-brain barriers. It impairs autophagy, alters epigenetic status and disrupts vitamin X-like receptor signaling in apoptotic neuronal cells.

Avobenzone is a dibenzoylmethane endocrine disruptor that binds directly to estrogen receptor β, acting as an estrogen agonist. It is one of the most widely used filters in sunscreens for photoprotection of skin in the UV band.

Butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) is an antioxidant consisting of a mixture of two isomeric organic compounds, 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole.

Thiacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide that acts as a selective agonist at insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with IC50values of 2.7 and 860 nM forDrosophilanAChRs and M10 mouse fibroblast cells expressing α4β2 subunit-containing nAChRs, respectively.1It is active against aphids, whiteflies, various species of beetle, andLepidopteraspecies when used at concentrations ranging from 48 to 180 g AI hectare.2It has anti-estrogenic activity in a yeast estrogen screen and is toxic to adult female houseflies and mice (LD50s = 0.03 and 28 mg kg, respectively).1,3Formulations containing thiacloprid have been used in the control of insects in agriculture. 1.Tomizawa, M., and Casida, J.E.Selective toxicity of neonicotinoids attributable to specificity of insect and mammalian nicotinic receptorsAnnu. Rev. Entomol.48339-364(2003) 2.Elbert, A., Erdelen, C., Kuhnhold, J., et al.Thiacloprid, a novel neonicotinoid insecticide for foliar applicationProc. Brighton Crop. Prot. Conf. - Pests and Diseases121-26(2000) 3.Westlund, P., and Yargeau, V.Investigation of the presence and endocrine activities of pesticides found in wastewater effluent using yeast-based bioassaysSci. Total Environ.607-608744-751(2017)

Triclocarban (Cutisan), an antimicrobial agent, is used in personal cleaning products.

DEHP (Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) is utilized to impart softness and flexibility to PVC products. It has been implicated in obesity and insulin resistance, inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, and adversely affects the endocrine system.

Bisphenol A is an endogenous metabolic compound of phenols and is widely used in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. It is reproductive, developmental and systemic toxicant and is often classified as an endocrine disruptor. It has been linked to many diseases, including respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, kidney disease, obesity and reproductive disorders.

Atrazine (Oleogesaprim) is an herbicide that does not occur naturally,and is a selective triazine herbicide. Atrazine (Oleogesaprim) is also a potent endocrine disruptor.

4-tert-Octylphenol, an endocrine-disrupting chemical with estrogenic properties, notably induces apoptosis in offspring mouse brain neuronal progenitor cells. This compound decreases levels of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), mitotic marker Ki67, and phospho-histone H3 (p-Histone-H3), thereby diminishing the proliferation of neuronal progenitors. Consequently, 4-tert-Octylphenol adversely affects brain development and behavior in mice.

4-N-Nonyloxyphenol (4-nonoxyphenol), a heterogeneous photosensitizer based on kaolinite nanotubes, is a widely used pesticide and endocrine disruptor for the photodegradation of phenol-based pesticides.

Diethyl phthalate (1,2-diethyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate) is a endocrine disrupter affecting the apoptotic system in PC12 cells. Diethyl phthalate is widely used in many plastics and personal care products.

TLQP 21 acetate is a potent agonist of G-protein-coupled receptor complement-3a receptor 1 (C3aR1). The EC50 values are 10.3 μM for mouse and 68.8 μM for human. TLQP 21 acetate is a VGF-derived peptide with endocrine and extraendocrine properties.

GRP (porcine) acetate is the gastrin-releasing peptide extracted from porcine pancreata. GRP (porcine) acetate may have a role in the parasympathetic regulation of endocrine and exocrine secretion from the pig pancreas.