encephalitis

EIDD-1931 (Beta-d-N4-hydroxycytidine) is a ribonucleoside analog with antiviral activity that inhibits the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS-CoV] in Vero 76 cells, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus [MERS-CoV] in Calu-3 2B4 cells, and SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells (IC50s = 0.1, 0.15, and 0.3 μM, respectively).

Triazavirin, a nucleoside analogue of nucleic acid, is an antiviral agent.

S1p receptor agonist 1 (S1p-receptor-agonist-1) is an S1P receptor agonist.

Anti-Eastern equine encephalitis virus E2 protein Antibody (EEEV-3) is an antibody targeting Eastern equine encephalitis virus E2 and can be used for infectious disease research.

Anti-Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus E2 protein Antibody (VEEV-57) is an antibody targeting Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus E2 and can be used for infectious disease research.

ML-336 is an inhibitor of of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) strain TC-83.

Diclazuril (R-64433) is a coccidiostat.

nsP2 Protease-IN-1 is a potent irreversible covalent inhibitor of the nsP2 cysteine protease of the Chikungunya (CHIKV) virus, exhibiting an IC50 of 60 nM. This compound demonstrates strong antiviral activity by inhibiting the replication of CHIKV and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), with EC50 values of 0.01 µM and 0.3 µM, respectively.

AAK1-IN-6 is an inhibitor of AP-2 associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1, IC50 = 12 nM) and exhibits antiviral activity against Dengue virus (DNEV2, EC50 = 0.24 μM) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV, EC50 = 0.30 μM). AAK1-IN-6 is applicable in antiviral research.

HSV-1-IN-2 (compound 5i) is a potent inhibitor of Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1), with an EC50 of 1.95 μM. This compound suppresses apoptosis and enhances survival rates in mouse models of herpes encephalitis.

CHIKV nsP2 protease-IN-2 (Compound 2o) is an allosteric inhibitor of the non-structural protein 2 helicase (nsP2hel), with IC50 values of 0.5 μM for nsP2 ATPase and 0.9 μM for RNA helicase. It exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity against alphaviruses, effectively targeting Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Mayaro virus (MAYV), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), with an EC50 of 0.12 μM against CHIKV-nLuc. This compound is useful for research on alphavirus infections.

BFB78 is an inhibitor of the nsP2 protease that can cross the blood-brain barrier. It effectively and broadly inhibits purified nsP2 proteases from various alphaviruses, with IC50 values ranging from 21.6 nM (MAYV; Mayaro virus) to 130.7 nM (CHIKV; chikungunya virus). BFB78 blocks viral replication in cell culture systems and reduces viral titers in mouse brains. It is applicable for research related to Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) infection.

NHC-diphosphate, a phosphorylated intracellular metabolite of β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) in its diphosphate form[1], serves as a potent antiviral agent. As a pyrimidine ribonucleoside, NHC effectively counters the replication of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV)[1].

Corilagin has anti-inflammatory activity. Corilagin has a significant antitumour potential and lower toxicity in normal cells in vitro.Corilagin can enhance the cytotoxicity of both cisplatin and doxorubicin on the Hep3B hepatoma cells.Corilagin has antiviral activity, reduces the cytotoxicity induced by EV71 or CA16 on Vero cells with and IC50 value of 5.6 and 32.33 μg/mL, respectively. Corilagin shows the potential to protect against HSV-1-induced encephalitis, and the beneficial effects may be mediated by inhibiting TLR2 signaling pathways.Corilagin has antifibrotics property and is potentiated in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF), attenuates bleomycin-induced epithelial injury and fibrosis via inactivation of oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokine release and NF-κB and TGF-β1 signaling. Solvent:Pyridine, Methanol, Ethanol, etc.

STING agonist C11 is an agonist of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway.1 It induces secretion of type I IFN from THF and MM6 cells when used at a concentration of 50 μM. STING agonist C11 induces phosphorylation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and increases expression of IFIT1 and viperin, but not IL-1β, IL-6, or IL-8 in THF cells in a STING-dependent manner. It reduces viral titers of chikungunya, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, o'nyong-nyong, Mayaro, and Ross River viruses grown in THF cells (EC90s = 16.44, 16.7, 18.84, 25.19, and 22.57 μM, respectively), an effect that is dependent on the presence of STING and the IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR).References1. Gall, B., Pryke, K., Abraham, J., et al. Emerging alphaviruses are sensitive to cellular states induced by a novel small-molecule agonist of the STING pathway. J. Virol. 92(6), e01913-01917 (2018). STING agonist C11 is an agonist of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway.1 It induces secretion of type I IFN from THF and MM6 cells when used at a concentration of 50 μM. STING agonist C11 induces phosphorylation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and increases expression of IFIT1 and viperin, but not IL-1β, IL-6, or IL-8 in THF cells in a STING-dependent manner. It reduces viral titers of chikungunya, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, o'nyong-nyong, Mayaro, and Ross River viruses grown in THF cells (EC90s = 16.44, 16.7, 18.84, 25.19, and 22.57 μM, respectively), an effect that is dependent on the presence of STING and the IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR). References1. Gall, B., Pryke, K., Abraham, J., et al. Emerging alphaviruses are sensitive to cellular states induced by a novel small-molecule agonist of the STING pathway. J. Virol. 92(6), e01913-01917 (2018).

Encephalitic alphavirus-IN-1 inhibited the activity of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) (EC50: 0.24 μM) and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) (EC50: 0.16 μM). encephalitic alphavirus-IN-1 was not significantly cytotoxic and exhibited strong plasma stability in mice.

MOG peptide (35-55), mouse, rat acetate is a minor component of central nervous system myelin sheaths. It possesses encephalitis-inducing activity, capable of stimulating CD4⁺ T cell proliferation and Th1-type immune responses, thereby triggering relapsing-remitting demyelinating diseases. It is commonly used to establish experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models.

GluN1 (359-378), an antibody targeting the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used in research on immune-based therapies for anti-NMDAR encephalitis [1].

GluN1 (356-385) is an antigenic peptide implicated in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, shown to decrease NMDAR surface cluster density in hippocampal neurons, and serves as a tool to investigate the pathogenesis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis [1].

Decanoyl-Arg-Val-Arg-Lys-chloromethylketone (DEC-RVRK-CMK) is a small, synthetic, irreversible cell-permeable competitive inhibitor of furin that exhibits strong antiviral activity against Zika virus (ZIKV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) [1].

ART5803 is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody inhibitor targeting NMDAR. It binds with high affinity to the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the NMDAR GluN1 subunit (GluN1-NTD). ART5803 blocks the internalization of NMDAR induced by pathogenic autoantibodies and restores the expression and function of NMDAR on the cell surface. Moreover, ART5803 reverses behavioral abnormalities and the expression of NMDAR in marmoset disease models. ABT-147 can be utilized in research on anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

3'-Deoxy-3'-fluoroadenosine is a purine nucleoside analogue with broad anti-tumor and anti-viral activity, showing inhibitory effects on tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Zika virus, and West Nile virus (WNV) with EC50 values of 1.1 μM, 0.1 μM and [4.7 ± 1.5] μM, respectively. It is useful for studying tumor diseases.