cotransporter

Bumetanide (PF 1593) is a potent sulfamoylanthranilic acid derivative belonging to the class of loop diuretics. In the brain, bumetanide may prevent seizures in neonates by blocking the bumetanide-sensitive sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC1), thereby inhibiting chloride uptake thus, decreasing the internal chloride concentration in neurons and may block the excitatory effect of GABA in neonates.

Enavogliflozin (DWP-16001) is an orally available small molecule and sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitor.

Licogliflozin (LIK066) is an inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1 and SGLT2).

Torsemide (AC-4464) is an anilinopyridine sulfonylurea belonging to the class of loop diuretics. Torsemide has a prolonged duration of action compared to other loop diuretics, is extensively protein bound in plasma and has a relatively long half-life.

Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin) is a nonsulfonamide loop diuretic that inhibits the activity of the Na+ K+ 2Cl- cotransporter NKCC2 in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. It also inhibits glutathione S-transferase and Wnt signalling, producing cytotoxicity in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells and other tumour cells.

Tianagliflozin, a sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, is used potentially for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Azosemide is a potent NKCC1 inhibitor (IC50s: 0.246 µM and 0.197 µM for hNKCC1A and NKCC1B).

H100 is a Cl- transport inhibitor, no effect against KCl cotransporter. It has partial effects against both the NaK2Cl cotransporter and the Band 3 anion exchanger.

SGL5213 is an oral active and low-absorbable inhibitor of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1)(hSGLT1 and hSGLT2 with IC50 values of 29 nM and 20 nM , respectively),and has potential to treat type 2 diabetes.

Tofogliflozin is a highly specific inhibitor of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) (Kis: 2.9, 14.9, and 6.4 nM for human, rat, and mouse SGLT2. IC50s: 2.9 14.9 6.4 nM (human rat mouse SGLT2)).

CLP257 is a selective K+-Cl− cotransporter KCC2 activator (EC50: 616 nM) and it is inactive against NKCC1, GABAA receptors, KCC1, KCC3 or KCC4. CLP257 alleviates hypersensitivity in rats with neuropathic painc and it also modulates plasmalemmal KCC2 protein turnover post-translationally. CLP257 restores impaired Cl− transport in neurons with diminished KCC2 activity.

LX2761 is a chemically stable and effective inhibitor against sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and SGLT2 (IC50s: 2.2 nM and 2.7nM for hSGLT1 and hSGLT2). However, it shows specific SGLT1 inhibition in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

S-8921 is an inhibitor of ileal Na+ bile acid cotransporter.

Velagliflozin is an orally available inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2.

VU0463271 (N-Cyclopropyl-N-(4-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-2-[(6-phenyl-3-pyridazinyl)thio]acetamide) is a potent and selective antagonist of the neuronal-specific potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2), with an IC50 of 61 nM and >100-fold selectivity versus the closely related Na-K-2Cl cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and no activity in a larger panel of GPCRs, ion channels, and transporters.

S0859 is an N-cyanosulphonamide that blocks the sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC, also known as SLC4A7), which regulates intracellular pH.

Compound 2, known as KCC2 potentiators-1, acts as an enhancer of the potassium chloride cotransporter-2 (KCC2). It holds potential for applications in studies related to neurological disorders.

Luseogliflozin, a potent and competitive inhibitor of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), competitively inhibits human SGLT2-mediated glucose uptake with a Ki value of 1.10 nM.

BMS-639432 is a potent sodium-glucose cotransporter type II (SGLT2) inhibitor.

Furosemide sodium (Frusemide Sodium) is a potent and orally active inhibitor of Na+ K+ 2Cl- (NKCC) cotransporter, NKCC1 and NKCC2. Furosemide sodium is also a GABAA receptors antagonist and displays 100-fold selectivity for α6-containing receptors than α1-containing receptors. Furosemide sodium acts as a loop diuretic and used for the study of congestive heart failure, hypertension and edema.

Dapagliflozin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide is a metabolite of dapagliflozin . Dapagliflozin is a first generation selective sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor that blocks glucose transport.[1] Dapagliflozin is metabolized by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A9 to dapagliflozin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide, which is 2,600-fold less potent than the parent compound with regard to SGLT2 inhibition.[2]

Hydrochlorothiazide impurity C is a potential impurity found in commercial hydrochlorothiazide preparations. [1] Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that inhibits the apical membrane sodium chloride cotransporter in the distal and collecting duct nephron segments.[2][3][4]

Chlorthalidone impurity G is a potential impurity found in commercial preparations of chlorthalidone that has moderate antihypertensive effects. Chlorthalidone is a thiazide-like diuretic that inhibits the Na+/Cl- cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, which prevents reabsorption of sodium and chloride leading to a reduction in plasma volume and cardiac output. It also inhibits carbonic anhydrase (CA), including the isoforms CAVB, VII, IX, XII, and XIII (Kis = 2.8-23 nM) and, to a lesser extent, CAI, CAII, IV, VA, and VI (Kis = 138-1,347 nM), which may mediate its sustained vasodilatory activity. Dietary administration of chlorthalidone (8 mg per animal per day) reduces arterial hypertension and prevents or reduces ventricular hypertrophy induced by deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) in salt-hypertensive rats. Formulations containing chlorthalidone have been used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents to lower arterial blood pressure and as adjuvants to address edema caused by cardiac or renal disorders.

PF-04971729 (Ertugliflozin (PF-04971729)) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2).