anti virus agent 1

Anti-virus agent 1 (compound 4i), a phosphoramidate prodrug of GS-5734, exhibits potent antiviral efficacy and is primarily utilized in coronavirus and Ebola virus (EBOV) research.

Umifenovir is a potent, orally active broad-spectrum antiviral agent with activity against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, suppressing virus propagation and modulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines for use as an anti-influenza virus agent [3]. It effectively inhibits the fusion of the virus with host cells [1] [2] and is an efficient inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro [2].

1, 2, 3, 4, 6-Pentagalloylglucose (Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose) and gallic acid from Pistacia lentiscus have antimutagenic and antioxidant activities. 2. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG) possesses potent anti-proliferative and anti-invasive effects, it also has inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 activity. 3. PGG may serve as a model for the development of new types of anti-diabetic and anti-metabolic syndrome therapeutics. 4. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-Penta- O -galloyl-β- d -glucose has vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects, it dilates vascular smooth muscle and suppresses the vascular inflammatory process via endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO) cGMP signaling. 5. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose can decrease the level of extracellular hepatitis B virus (HBV) (IC5, 1. microg ml) in a dose-dependent manner, it also can reduce the HBsAg level by 25% at a concentration of 4 microg ml; the gallate structure of PGG may play a critical role in the inhibition of anti-HBV activity, suggests that PGG could be a candidate for developing an anti-HBV agent. 6. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose has anti-parasitic activity, displays an EC5 value of 67 μM, at least 6.6-fold more effective than the standard drug benznidazole against trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi.

1. Ginkgetin has anti-influenza virus and anti-fungal activities. 2. Ginkgetin has anti-inflammatory activity, can down-regulates COX-2 induction in vivo against skin inflammatory responses. 3. Ginkgetin is a good STAT3 inhibitor and may be a useful lead

Denotivir (Vratizolin) is an orally active antiviral agent effective against herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It inhibits the proliferation of various cancer cells and possesses anti-leukemic properties. Additionally, Denotivir suppresses the production of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, demonstrating immunosuppressive effects.

NHC-diphosphate, a phosphorylated intracellular metabolite of β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) in its diphosphate form[1], serves as a potent antiviral agent. As a pyrimidine ribonucleoside, NHC effectively counters the replication of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV)[1].

Isatin-β-thiosemicarbazone is a potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus (HSV), exhibiting antiviral activity against both HSV-1 and HSV-2. Moreover, it is an effective anti-poxvirus agent for the treatment of monkeypox, orthopox, and cowpox viruses.

Antiviral agent 17 (Compound 4) is an anti-infection compound with strong antiviral effects, demonstrated by an EC50 of 0.015 μM in a human replicon assay, and effective against murine norovirus. It has potential applications in studying infectious and malignant diseases[1].

Acyclovir monophosphate is a potent anti-Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) agent with antitumor activity, blocking DNA synthesis by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase and terminating viral DNA chain elongation [1] [2].

L-I-OddU, a potent and selective anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) agent, is a L-5'-halo-dioxolane nucleoside analogue. It demonstrates antiviral activity by effectively suppressing replicative EBV DNA and viral protein synthesis [1] [2]. With an EC 50 value of 0.03 μM, L-I-OddU exhibits high potency against EBV while maintaining low cytotoxicity, as indicated by its CC 50 value of 1000 nM.

Antiviral agent 10 effectively inhibits the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) [1], serving as a potent anti-viral compound.

Anti-TSWV agent 1 is a highly effective inactivator (EC50:144 μg mL) of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV).

AMD-3451 free base is a dual CCR5 CXCR4 antagonist which may be useful in the treatment of a wide variety of R5, R5 X4, and X4 strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2. AMD3451 is the first low-molecular-weight anti-HIV agent with selective HIV coreceptor, CCR5 and CXCR4, interaction.

Anti-IAV Agent 1-1a is an orally administered compound effective against the Influenza A virus (IAV), demonstrating inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values of 0.03 μM and 0.06 μM for the H1N1 strain and the Oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 strain of IAV, respectively.

HAA-09, an orally administered compound, serves as a powerful anti-influenza agent by targeting the influenza PB2_cap binding domain. It possesses significant activity against influenza A virus, exhibiting an EC50 of 0.03 μM, and demonstrates polymerase inhibition with an IC50 of 0.06±0.004 μM. Importantly, HAA-09 inhibits virus replication efficiently without inducing noticeable cytotoxicity [1].

HA-IN-1 (compound 5g), a high-affinity Hemagglutinin (HA) ligand, targets the trypsin cleavage site of HA to inhibit HA-mediated membrane fusion and decrease pulmonary virus titer in vivo. This compound emerges as a promising influenza A virus (IAV) inhibitor and anti-influenza agent [1].

Antiviral agent 35 (compound 4d) is a potent oral inhibitor of the influenza virus, targeting early stages of viral replication. It suppresses influenza-induced ROS accumulation, autophagy, apoptosis, and the inflammatory response mediated by the RIG-1 pathway in a mouse model of pulmonary infection. Its cytotoxicity is minimal in MDCK cells, with a CC50 greater than 800 μM, and it has anti-H1N1 (A Weiss 43) activity with an EC50 of 2.28 μM [1].

Dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 9-O-β-D-xylopyranoside serves as an anti-hepatitis B virus (anti-HBV) agent, effectively inhibiting the secretion of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV e antigen (HBeAg) in the Hep G2.2.15 cell line, with IC50 values of 1.67 mM for HBsAg and over 2.15 mM for HBeAg [1].

7-Deoxy-trans-dihydronarciclasine is an alkaloid that functions as a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.80 μM and also serves as an anti-neuroinflammatory agent. This compound reduces Aβ and APP levels in the cerebral cortex of Tg2576 mice [1] [2] [3].

XSJ2-46, a 5'-amino NI analog, is an antiviral agent possessing anti-Zika virus properties and demonstrates reasonable inhibition of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp), with an IC50 of 8.78 μM [1].

Anti-Influenza agent 5 (Compound IIB-2), a chalcone-like derivative, serves as an influenza nuclear export inhibitor, effectively inhibiting oseltamivir-resistant strains and hindering viral proliferation by obstructing the export of influenza virus nucleoprotein [1].

TMV-IN-8 (compound 7d) is an anti-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) agent with an antiviral EC50 of 157.6 μg mL. TMV-IN-8 blocks the assembly of TMV by binding with coat protein (Kd = 0.7 μM) and suppresses TMV coat protein gene expression and biosynthesis process [1].