amphipathic

Coenzyme Q9 (Ubiquinone 9) (CoQ9) is a normal constituent of human plasma. CoQ9 in human plasma may originate as a product of incomplete CoQ10 biosynthesis or from the diet.

Leupeptin hemisulfate is a protease inhibitor with cell membrane-permeable, reversible, competitive, and oral activities. Leupeptin hemisulfate inhibits the activity of Cathepsin B, Cathepsin H, and Cathepsin L, and blocks fusion of amphipathic lysosomes. Leupeptin hemisulfate also has anti-inflammatory activity.

LL-37, Human acetate(154947-66-7 free base) is a 37-residue, amphipathic, cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide. LL-37, Human acetate (154947-66-7 free base) exhibits multiple activities including antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, chemotactic, wound-healing, antiviral, and antitumor effects.LL-37, Human acetate (154947-66-7 free base) helps protect the cornea from infection and regulates wound healing.

Pitstop2 is an amphipathic protein-bound inhibitor of the clathrin terminal domain (IC50=12 μM) with selectivity. Pitstop2 severely interferes with receptor-mediated endocytosis, HIV entry and synaptic vesicle cycling. Pitstop2 has antitumor activity.

5-Hexadecyl methotrexate is a amphipathic analog of methotrexate.

Dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide is a synthetic double-chain cationic lipid composed of a positively charged quaternary ammonium headgroup and two long-chain hydrophobic alkyl groups. It is capable of self-assembling into liposomes and nanoparticle systems and is commonly used in gene delivery and vaccine adjuvant development, where it promotes cellular uptake by forming complexes with nucleic acids; It also has applications as a surfactant and emulsifier.

LAH4 TFA, an alpha-helix of the designed amphipathic peptide antibiotic, exhibits potent antimicrobial, nucleic acid transfection, and cell penetration capabilities, along with high plasmid DNA delivery capacities, and shows a strong affinity for anionic lipids in bacterial outer membranes [1] [2] [3].

KLA peptide is a cationic amphipathic mitochondrial membrane-disrupting peptide that can induce programmed cell death by targeting mitochondrial membranes, yet it lacks the ability to transverse the plasma membrane.

EB1 peptide (Penetrating analog), an amphipathic cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) derivative of Penetratin, holds promise for intracellular drug delivery research [1].

EAK16-II, an amphipathic peptide, concentration-dependently inhibits the self-sorting of EAKIIH6 [1].

st-Ht31, a cell-permeable stearated peptide derived from the amphipathic helix domain of A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs), effectively binds protein kinase A (PKA), impacting PKA's cellular interactions without altering its activity. Specifically, at a 50 µM concentration, it reduces PKA's membrane anchoring in BHK-21 fibroblast reporter assays. Moreover, st-Ht31 at concentrations of 1 and 3 µM decreases both capacitance and hyperactivation in mouse sperm, thereby inhibiting in vitro fertilization. Additionally, at 50 µM, this compound facilitates cholesterol export in BHK-21 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages expressing ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1), showcasing its multifaceted cellular impacts.

DOPE-PEG-Amine (MW 3400) is a phospholipid known for its excellent biocompatibility and distinct amphipathic properties. These characteristics make it an ideal and primary excipient or dosage form in pharmaceutical formulations, enabling enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, DOPE-PEG-Amine (MW 3400) can be utilized in drug delivery research.

DSPE-PEG1000-GALA is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the pulmonary endothelial-targeting peptide GALA. GALA is a pH-responsive amphipathic peptide consisting of 30 amino acids, serving as a pulmonary endothelial-targeting ligand. In an acidic environment with a pH of 5.0, GALA undergoes a conformational change from random coil to α-helix, which induces destabilization and fusion of endosomal membranes. Liposomes modified with GALA facilitate transcytosis across pulmonary endothelial cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis and accumulate specifically in the lungs following intravenous injection. DSPE-PEG1000-GALA is applicable for drug delivery.

DSPE-PEG5000-GALA is a PEG compound composed of DSPE and the lung endothelial targeting peptide, GALA. GALA, a 30-amino acid pH-sensitive amphipathic peptide, serves as a lung endothelial targeting ligand. In acidic conditions (pH 5.0), GALA undergoes a structural change from a random coil to an α-helix, leading to endosomal membrane destabilization and fusion. Liposomes modified with GALA are capable of crossing pulmonary endothelial cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis and transcytosis, and they accumulate specifically in the lungs following intravenous injection. DSPE-PEG5000-GALA is applicable for drug delivery purposes.

LL-37, Human TFA (154947-66-7 free base) is a 37-residue amphipathic helical peptide, the sole human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide exhibiting moderate antibacterial activity against diverse Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. LL-37, Human TFA binds to negatively charged bacterial membranes, disrupting cellular integrity. It also induces cellular immunomodulation, migration, proliferation, and differentiation, possesses anti-biofilm potential, and inhibits gastric cancer carcinogenesis.

Magainin 1 is an antimicrobial and amphipathic peptide isolated from the skin of Xenopus laevis.

LL-37, Human is a 37-residue, amphipathic, cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide, which exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity.

The a-helix of the amphipathic peptide antibiotic LAH4 (KKALLALALHHLAHLALHLALALKKA-NH2) strongly interacts with phospholipid membranes, demonstrating in vitro transfection efficiencies comparable to those of commercially available reagents.

Pep-1-Cysteamine TFA is a chimeric cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) with primary amphipathic properties. It possesses the capability to traverse biological membranes and facilitate the intracellular delivery of active proteins.

LAH5 TFA is an amphipathic cell-penetrating peptide that efficiently delivers CRISPR-Cas9 components into the nuclei of target cells by forming nanocomplexes with RNP and RNP/HDR cargo.

Cys(Npys)-(D-Arg)9 is an amphipathic R9 cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) with cytotoxic effects on microspore cells at concentrations exceeding 1 nmol.

INF7TAT, an amphipathic peptide, incorporates sequences from both influenza virus HA2 and the TAT peptide. It has the ability to bind non-covalently with other macromolecules and serves as a non-toxic carrier for siRNA delivery.

KT2 is a cationic amphipathic antimicrobial peptide. It is capable of completely killing (E. coli) O157:H7 cells. KT2 exhibits strong antibiofilm activity, preventing the formation of E. coli O157:H7 biofilms. Additionally, KT2 effectively binds to LPS on bacterial surfaces, interacts with the lipids in liposomes, and displays high permeability, allowing it to penetrate bacterial cells and bind with DNA and other cytoplasmic membranes.

GN-2 peptoid is a nonapeptide cationic amphipathic peptoid and bactericidal agent with broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. It exerts a concentration-dependent bactericidal effect on Escherichia coli. GN-2 peptoid exhibits antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative strains such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It shows low toxicity towards human red blood cells and HeLa cells. Additionally, GN-2 peptoid maintains its antibacterial activity in environments containing 50% human plasma. This compound can be utilized in research related to bacterial infections.