β-purine

Purine (7H-Imidazo(4,5-d)pyrimidine) is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. Two of the bases in nucleic acids, adenine and guanine, are purines. Purines from food (or from tissue turnover) are metabolised by several enzymes, including xanthine oxidase, into uric acid. High levels of uric acid can predispose to gout when the acid crystalises in joints; this phenomenon only happens in humans and some animal species (e.g. dogs) that lack an intrinsic uricase enzyme that can further degrade uric acid.

Adenine is a purine-derived nucleobase and one of the four bases of DNA. It is an important chemical component of both DNA and RNA, involved in cellular respiration, the formation of ATP and coenzymes NAD and FAD, as well as protein synthesis. Adenine is commonly used to induce chronic kidney injury models.

Adenine hemisulfate is a purine-based nucleobase and an essential chemical component of DNA and RNA. It plays a key role in cellular respiration, the formation of ATP and coenzymes such as NAD and FAD, as well as in protein synthesis. It is commonly used to induce animal models of chronic liver and kidney injury and hyperuricemia.

Xanthosine 5'-monophosphate sodium salt (L-XMP Sodium) serves as an intermediate in purine metabolism.

Guanosine (DL-Guanosine) is a purine nucleoside formed from a beta-N9-glycosidic bond between guanine and a ribose ring, and is essential for metabolism.

1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylthymine (Thymine 1-β-D-arabinofuranoside) is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have a broad spectrum of antitumor activity, targeting inert lymphoid malignancies and inducing apoptosis.1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylthymine's anticancer mechanism is dependent on the inhibition of DNA synthesis.1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylthymine is a purine nucleoside analog.

Nebularine (9-(beta-D-Ribofuranosyl)-9H-purine) is a purine nucleoside analog with a broad spectrum of antitumor activity, targeting inert lymphoid malignancies and inducing apoptosis.The anticancer mechanism of Nebularine is dependent on the inhibition of DNA synthesis.