Early 2 Factor (E2F)

E2F (Early 2 Factor) constitutes a family of transcription factors playing a pivotal role in cell cycle regulation. E2F proteins bind to specific promoter regions within DNA, thereby activating gene expression associated with cell cycle progression, DNA replication, and apoptosis. Within normal cells, E2F activity is primarily regulated by the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) and its associated proteins, ensuring the orderly progression of the G1/S phase transition. Defects in the RB pathway or excessive E2F activation lead to abnormal cell proliferation and promote tumourigenesis.