vaginal

It is an isomer of cresotinic acid (2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzoic acid) and oxymethylbenzoic acid (2-methoxybenzoic acid). Derivatives of mandelic acid are formed as a result of metabolism of adrenaline and noradrenaline by monoamine oxidase and catechol-o-methyl transferase. It is also present in certain skin care products, is an intermediate molecule in the production of other biochemicals, may be used as an analytical reagent and is a precursor in the manufacture of dyes. Mandelic acid (acidomandelico) is found to be associated with phenylketonuria, which is an inborn error of metabolism.

Amorolfine hydrochloride (Amorolfine HCl) is an antifungal reagent. It exerts the antifungal activity by selectively interrupting two steps in the pathway of ergosterol synthesis and eventually disrupting the function and structure of fungal cell membrane. Amorolfine hydrochloride , a morpholine antifungal drug, can inhibit D14 reductase and D7-D8 isomerase. These enzymes can deplete ergosterol and cause ignosterol to accumulate in the fungal cytoplasmic cell membranes.

Promestriene (3-propyl ethyl) (INN) is a synthetic estrogen and glucocorticoid used topically in a 1% cream formulation. It is described as a tropic agent and antiseborrheic.

α,γ-Homocysteinase, Trichomonas vaginalis is a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme. It represents a mutant form of Trichomonas vaginalis homocysteine lyase encoded by the mgl1 gene and contains three point mutations: Phe47Leu, Asp172Glu, and Ser308Tyr. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of homocysteine into α-ketobutyrate, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia.

SQ109 (NSC 722041) is an ethambutol (EMB) derivative and a specific inhibitor of MmpL3, exhibiting potent anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity. SQ109 effectively inhibits the adult stage of the parasite Trypanosoma and kills cells, with an IC50 of 50 ± 8 nM. SQ109 can be used in tuberculosis and antiparasitic research.

RR-11a analog (aza-peptide Michael acceptor, 7a) is an inhibitor of asparaginyl endopeptidase with IC50s of 4.5 nM, 4.5 nM and 31 nM for AE1 in Trichomonas Vaginalis, AE in Ixodes ricinus and AE in Schistosoma mansoni, respectively.

Metronidazole (Metronidazol) is a synthetic nitroimidazole derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activities.

Fispemifene (HM-101) is an estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to treat genitourinary syndromes and vaginal atrophy.

4-Nonylphenol polyethoxylate (Nonoxinol-9) is a typical surfactant used as a vaginal spermicide. Spermicides are locally acting non-hormonal contraceptives. When present in the vagina during intercourse, they immobilize/inactivate/damage and/or kill sperms without eliciting systemic effects. 4-Nonylphenol polyethoxylate has been in use for more than 30 years as an over-the-counter (OTC) drug in creams, gels, foams and condom lubricants. It is the most commonly used spermicidal contraceptive in the UK and the USA. In several European countries, spermicides are no longer on the market.

Chlordantoin is an antifungal agent with the potential for vaginal candidiasis treatment.

Nithiamide (CL-5279) is an orally available antiprotozoan agent used in the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis.

Carmaphycin-17 (CP-17) is a selective proteasome inhibitor with an EC50 of 217 nM. It exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Trichomonas vaginalis and can overcome resistance to Metronidazole. In mouse models of vaginal trichomoniasis, CP-17 significantly reduces parasite burden after topical treatment without any observed adverse effects. Additionally, Carmaphycin-17 is useful for researching sexually transmitted diseases like trichomoniasis.

Debio 1453 is a potent bactericidal FabI inhibitor that is effective against Neisseria gonorrhoeae (IC50 = 0.6 nM) as well as its resistant strains. By inhibiting FabI and binding the non-mutatable NADH cofactor, Debio 1453 demonstrates a low propensity for resistance selection and effectively targets both planktonic and intracellular bacteria. It is capable of eradicating resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in a mouse vaginal infection model. Debio 1453 can be utilized in gonorrhea-related research.

Levormeloxifene is a selective modulator of the estrogen receptor. It inhibits the production of vaginal tropoelastin and transforming growth factor-beta 1.

Onapristone, a progesterone receptor antagonist, is used potentially for the treatment of breast cancer, advanced prostate cancer, and inducer of vaginal bleeding.

FSL-1 TFA, a toll-like receptor 2/6 (TLR2/6) agonist derived from bacteria, bolsters resistance against experimental HSV-2 infection[1] and stimulates MMP-9 production via the TLR2 and NF-κB/AP-1 signaling pathways in monocytic THP-1 cells[2].

PACAP-related peptide (PRP) is an endogenous 29-amino acid peptide that belongs to the secretin/glucagon superfamily of peptides, which includes secretin , glucagon , glucagon-like peptide-1 , GLP-2 , and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide . It is expressed in rat hypothalamus as well as within the nerves of the median eminence, the anterior pituitary, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and amygdala. PRP is also expressed in vaginal, uterine cervical, uterine horn, fallopian tube, and ovarian tissues from the rat female genital tract and is present in extracts of male testis tissue.

Ospemifene (FC-1271a) is a new selective non-hormonal estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that is used for the treatment of moderate to severe dyspareunia, a symptom of vulvar and vaginal atrophy, due to menopause. FDA approved on February 26, 2013.

MB-66 (MAPP-66) is a fully human IgG1 antibody targeting HSV and HIV. It is a monoclonal antibody membrane intended for vaginal application. The isotype control for MB-66 can be referred to as HumanIgG1kappa, Isotype Control.

Nithiamide (Standard) is the standard substance of Nithiamide, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Nithiamide (CL-5279) is an orally available antiprotozoan agent used in the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis.

C5A is an antimicrobial peptide compound with activity against Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and HIV. It disrupts the membrane integrity of HIV viral particles as well as the conical capsid core that encloses the viral genome. C5A inhibits in vitro infectivity of various primary HIV isolates across different primary target cells. Additionally, C5A provides protection to mice from vaginal and rectal HIV infections.