ursodeoxycholic acid

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) can be used to dissolve gallstones and reduce cholesterol absorption.

Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium (Sodium Ursodeoxycholate) is a naturally occurring secondary bile acid with anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities. Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium acts as signaling molecule, exerting its effects by interacting with bile acid activated receptors,

3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid (Isoursodeoxycholic acid) is a bile acid that exhibits good tolerance and good intestinal absorption when administered orally.3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid (Isoursodeoxycholic acid) can undergo enzymatic isomerization in the intestines and the 3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid (Isoursodeoxycholic acid) undergoes enzymatic isomerization in the intestine and liver and produces UDCA.

Glycoursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodeoxycholylglycine) is an acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate. It is a secondary bile acid produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment. In hepatocytes, both primary and secondary bile acids undergo amino acid conjugation at the C-24 carboxylic acid on the side chain, and almost all bile acids in the bile duct, therefore, exist in a glycine conjugated form. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals.

Tauroursodeoxycholate (UR 906), also known as ursodoxicoltaurine, is a highly hydrophilic tertiary bile acid that is produced in humans at a low concentration. Tauroursodeoxycholate is the more hydrophilic form of ursodeoxycholic acid, which is the more abundant naturally produced bile acid in humans.Tauroursodeoxycholate is being investigated for use in several conditions such as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), insulin resistance, amyloidosis, Cystic Fibrosis, Cholestasis, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

NCX 1000, a liver-specific NO donor compound, is derived from ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA).