retrograde

Retro-2 (2-{[(5-methyl-2-thienyl)methylene]amino}) is a plant toxin ricin inhibitor, itprotects HeLa cells against Ricin, Stx1 and Stx2, selectively blocks retrograde toxin trafficking at the early endosome-TGN (trans-Golgi network) interface.

Retro-2 cycl is a dihydroquinazolinone (DHQZ) retrograde trafficking inhibitor. Retro-2 cycl (RN 1-001) inhibits JCPyV and HPV16 pseudovirus(IC50s of 54 μM and 160 μM, respectively),with antiviral agent.

DHQZ 36 is a potent retrograde trafficking inhibitor. It has potent anti-parasite activity. DHQZ 36 inhibits Leishmania amazonensis infection in macrophages (EC50: 13.63 μM).

C16 Ganglioside GM1 (d18:1/16:0) (C16-GM1) ammonium, a member of the ganglioside family, features a saturated C16:0 acyl chain. It serves as a functional receptor for the cholera toxin B subunit, although it exhibits lower efficiency in endocytic and retrograde transport pathways. C16 Ganglioside GM1 (d18:1/16:0) ammonium is applicable in diarrhea disease research.

Enkephalin-met, des-tyr(1)- ccauses retrograde amnesia in rats.