pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

Quinaldic acid is an endogenous metabolite.Quinaldic acid is a metal chelator.

Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrate (PLP)(1:x), the active form of vitamin B6, is a cofactor for many different enzymes involved in transamination reactions, including mitochondrial cysteine desulfurase, cystathionine γ-synthase, various aminotransferases, and a d-serine dehydratase.

L-Cycloserine ((-)-Cycloserine) irreversibly inhibits GABA pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase in E. coli, as well in the brains of various animals, results in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in vivo.

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) is the 4-methanol form of vitamin B6 and is converted to pyridoxal 5-phosphate in the body. Although pyridoxine and vitamin B6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading.

Pyridoxal phosphate (Vitamin B6 phosphate) is the active form of vitamin B6 and a coenzyme for many pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. PLP is involved in numerous enzymatic transamination, decarboxylation and deamination reactions; it is necessary for the synthesis of amino acids and amino acid metabolites, and for the synthesis and/or catabolism of certain neurotransmitters, including the conversion of glutamate into gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and levodopa into dopamine. PLP can be used as a dietary supplement in cases of vitamin B6 deficiency. Reduced levels of PLP in the brain can cause neurological dysfunction.

4-Deoxypyridoxine (4-DPD) is a vitamin B6 antimetabolite with diverse biological activities. It inhibits transport of pyridoxine , pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine in and reduces growth of S. carlsbergensis cells. 4-DPD inhibits sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase and reduces cyclic stretch-induced apoptosis in alveolar epithelial MLE-12 cells. 4-DPD (5 mg, i.p.) reduces lysyl oxidase activity by 26% and reduces collagen and elastin crosslinking, resulting in limb abnormalities in chick embryos. It decreases latency to first seizure in mice (ED50 = 1 mmol/kg) and increases the occurrence and duration of myoclonic responses in baboons with photosensitive epilepsy. 4-DPD reduces TNF-α and IL-6 production in mice infected with T. spiralis.

KSK-104 exhibits potent antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.78 μM. Its mechanism of action primarily involves the synthesis and salvage pathway of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), as well as PLP-dependent enzymes and the oxidative stress network. KSK-104 is a promising candidate for developing novel anti-tuberculosis drugs targeted at drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, P5P), known as an active form of vitamin B6, is a coenzyme involved in many enzymatic reactions.

Tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC; TyrDC), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme, catalyzes the decarboxylation of tyrosine, leading to the production of tyramine and carbon dioxide. This enzyme is prevalent in plants, insects, and various microorganisms, playing a significant role in biochemical research.

Pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate is the active coenzyme form of vitamin B6 bound to phosphate, involved in amino acid metabolism and influencing growth, cognitive development, immunity, and steroid hormone activity.

Cystathionine β-lyase is a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that cleaves the Cβ-Sγ bond of cystathionine to convert L-cysteine into L-homocysteine. Cystathionine β-lyase is involved in the de novo synthesis of methionine in microorganisms and plants and plays an important role in bacterial virulence.

L-Methionine γ-lyase (Methionine lyase), a multifaceted enzyme in the γ-family of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes, catalyzes the α, γ-elimination of L-methionine and homocysteine. This enzyme exhibits anticancer and anti-infectious properties and is utilized in homocysteinemia research [1][2][3].

HSR-IN-1 (Compound 28) is an effective inhibitor of hSR (human serine racemase), displaying a Kd of 5.4 μM and an IC50 of 18.3 μM in the presence of the cofactor Pyridoxal 5-phosphate monohydrate. When used alone, the IC50 of HSR-IN-1 is 4.7 μM. This compound is utilized in the research of central nervous system diseases.

Efzimfotase alfa is an enzyme replacement therapy targeting tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) deficiency. By hydrolyzing substrates of TNSALP, Efzimfotase alfa reduces concentrations of substrates such as inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). It is being investigated for its potential use in hypophosphatasia (HPP).

Pyridoxal phosphate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pyridoxal phosphate, primarily used for research and analytical applications. Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is the active form of Vitamin B6 and acts as an essential cofactor for over 140 enzymatic reactions, including transamination, decarboxylation, and racemization. Additionally, it has been shown to inhibit the activity of reverse transcriptases and is utilized in studies concerning tardive dyskinesia.

Glutamate decarboxylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of glutamic acid to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Many gut microbes metabolize glutamic acid in a pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) dependent manner through their glutamate decarboxylase.