isotopes

4-Acetyl-N-methylaniline-13C-D3 is an isotopically labeled version of 4-Acetyl-N-methylaniline, featuring both 13C and tritium (D3) markers. Compounds marked with stable or radioactive isotopes are utilized in metabolic analysis to precisely trace and quantify the movement of individual atoms.

Angiotensin I-13C6,15N (human, mouse, rat) trifluoroacetic acid is a labeled version of Angiotensin I, using isotopes 13C and 15N, specifically targeted for human, mouse, and rat studies. This compound serves as a precursor to angiotensin II, which is formed through the cleavage by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).

DOTA-NI-FAPI-04 is an FAP inhibitor (IC50 = 7.44 nM). By integrating FAP targeting with hypoxia-sensitive groups (nitroimidazole), DOTA-NI-FAPI-04 significantly enhances tumor uptake and retention. Through DOTA chelation with metal isotopes (such as 68Ga and 177Lu), it forms radioactive probes ([68Ga]Ga/DOTA-NI-FAPI-04 and [177Lu]Lu/DOTA-NI-FAPI-04) useful for research in tumor diagnosis and therapeutics. This compound exhibits dual-targeting potential in cancer imaging, tumor microenvironment analysis, and radionuclide therapy, particularly in scenarios involving the interaction between tumor stroma and hypoxic regions.

GPAGPQGP-Arg (13C6,15N4) trifluoroacetic acid is a peptide that contains arginine labeled with isotopes 13C6 and 15N4.

γ-Glu-(Phe-13C9,15N) trifluoroacetic acid is a version of γ-Glu-Phe trifluoroacetic acid labeled with 13C and 15N isotopes. It is synthesized by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (GBA) and Aspergillus oryzae (GAO). γ-Glu-Phe trifluoroacetic acid or its enzyme reaction mixtures can enhance the umami taste of commercial soy sauce and simulated chicken broth.

Erlotinib-13C6 is a 13C-labeled Erlotinib. Erlotinib (T0373) is a directly acting EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with an IC50 of 2 nM for human EGFR[1].

FSDD3I, an albumin-binding fibroblast activation protein (FAP) ligand, can be tagged with isotopes 68Ga and 177Lu for use in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging [1].

Rosopatamab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) for the treatment of prostate cancer. It can be conjugated with radiolabeled isotopes (e.g., 177Lu) via DOTA-NHS ester to form radiopharmaceuticals for targeted therapy. In preclinical studies, 177Lu-DOTA-Rosopatamab combined with the DNA-PK inhibitor Peposertib achieved a 75% complete response rate in prostate cancer mouse models.

Lys(CO-C3-p-I-Ph)-O-tBu, a pharmacokinetic modifier (PK modifier), enhances the pharmacokinetic properties of PSMA ligand molecules by increasing their residence time in plasma through improved binding to albumin and reducing absorption by the salivary glands, potentially extending the active compound's half-life. Moreover, Ac-PSMA-trillium is an effective PSMA-targeting compound for various biological applications when modified with different radioactive isotopes. When labeled with 111 In, it serves as a DOTA chelating agent and imaging agent. Alternatively, when labeled with 225 Ac, it acts as a Macropa chelator for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) in researching metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) [1] [2].

SADDNIKTPAE (Arg-13C6,15N4) LLGPLPPSADDNLKT trifluoroacetic acid is an isotopically labeled version of SADDNIKTPAE-LLGPLPPSADDNLKT (trifluoroacetic acid), incorporating 13C and 15N isotopes, and presented as a trifluoroacetate salt.

2-Bromonaphthalene-D7 is a deuterium-labeled version of 2-Bromonaphthalene. Compounds labeled with stable or radioactive isotopes are useful in metabolic analysis, allowing for precise tracking and quantification of individual atoms movements.

Inosinic acid-13C10,15N4 dilithium is a form of inosinic acid that is labeled with carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 isotopes. It serves as an endogenous metabolite.

Pantothenic acid-13C3,15N hemicalcium is a version of D-Pantothenic acid labeled with 13C and 15N isotopes. Calcium pantothenate (TMSM-1075) is an essential micronutrient, serving as a precursor to coenzyme A (CoA). It plays a crucial role in numerous biological processes, including the regulation of carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and nucleic acid metabolism.

Glycine-2-13C,15N is a form of glycine labeled with 13C and 15N isotopes. Glycine (T2O2728BP) acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and serves as a co-agonist with glutamate, possessing the potential to enhance the excitatory function of glutamatergic NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid) receptors.

Cholesterol-13C5 is a form of cholesterol labeled with carbon-13 isotopes. Cholesterol (T0760) is the predominant sterol in mammals, constituting 20-25% of the plasma membrane structure. While the plasma membrane is highly permeable to water, it is relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol (T0760) is crucial in determining membrane fluidity and permeability features, as well as the function of transport and signaling proteins. Additionally, cholesterol acts as an endogenous agonist of estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα).

Adenosine monophosphate-13C10,15N5 is a labeled form of adenosine monophosphate (TMSM-0379) with 13C and 15N isotopes. It acts as an agonist of the adenosine A1 receptor. Additionally, adenosine monophosphate exhibits significant antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 and is a crucial cellular metabolite involved in energy homeostasis and signal transduction.

Adenosine-13C10,15N5 is adenosine labeled with 13C and 15N isotopes. Adenosine (T0853) (adenine riboside) is a widely present endogenous secretion that exerts its effects through four G protein-coupled receptors [A1, A2A, A2B, and A3]. It influences nearly all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation.

Cytidine-13C9 is a form of cytidine labeled with carbon-13 isotopes. Cytidine (T1591L) is a pyrimidine nucleoside that is part of RNA and serves as a precursor to uridine. It plays a role in regulating the glial glutamate cycle, influences brain phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function.

Ceftazidime-D5 is a deuterium-labeled form of Ceftazidime (T1305). Compounds labeled with stable or radioactive isotopes are utilized in metabolic studies, allowing for precise tracking and quantification of individual atom movements.

Guanine-13C,15N2 is a guanine molecule labeled with the isotopes 13C and 15N. Guanine (T2A2537) (2-Aminohypoxanthine) serves as a fundamental component of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. It is a purine derivative composed of a fused pyrimidine-imidazole ring system with conjugated double bonds.

L-Isoleucine-13C6,15N Isoleucine-13C6,15N is a version of L-Isoleucine (T0063) labeled with 13C and 15N isotopes. It is a nonpolar, hydrophobic amino acid and is classified as an essential amino acid.

L-Serine-13C3,15N,D3 is an isotopically labeled form of L-Serine (T2O2730) ( (-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), marked with 13C and 15N isotopes and deuterium. This non-essential amino acid plays a significant role in cell proliferation.

Cytidine-13C9,15N3 is a form of Cytidine (TMSM-0844) labeled with 13C and 15N isotopes. As a pyrimidine nucleoside, cytidine is a component of RNA and serves as a precursor to uridine. It regulates the astroglial glutamate cycle, influences brain phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function.

Hypoxanthine-13C2,15N is a DL-Cystine compound labeled with both 15N and 13C isotopes.