isotopes

4-Acetyl-N-methylaniline-13C,d3 (1-(4-(Methylamino)phenyl)ethanone-13C,d3) is an isotopically labeled version of 4-Acetyl-N-methylaniline, featuring both 13C and tritium (d3) markers. Compounds marked with stable or radioactive isotopes are utilized in metabolic analysis to precisely trace and quantify the movement of individual atoms.

Angiotensin I-13C6,15N (human, mouse, rat) TFA is a labeled version of Angiotensin I, using isotopes 13C and 15N, specifically targeted for human, mouse, and rat studies. This compound serves as a precursor to angiotensin II, which is formed through the cleavage by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).

GPAGPQGP-Arg (13C6,15N4) TFA is a peptide that contains arginine labeled with isotopes 13C6 and 15N4.

γ-Glu-(Phe-13C9,15N) (γ-Glutamylphenylalanine-13C9,15N) TFA is a version of γ-Glu-Phe TFA labeled with 13C and 15N isotopes. It is synthesized by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (GBA) and Aspergillus oryzae (GAO). γ-Glu-Phe TFA or its enzyme reaction mixtures can enhance the umami taste of commercial soy sauce and simulated chicken broth.

Erlotinib-13C6 (CP-358774-13C6) is a 13C-labeled Erlotinib. Erlotinib is a directly acting EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with an IC50 of 2 nM for human EGFR[1]. Erlotinib reduces EGFR autophosphorylation in intact tumor cells with an IC50 of 20 nM. Erlotinib is used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer[1].Stable heavy isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, and other elements have been incorporated into drug molecules, largely as tracers for quantitation during the drug development process[2]. [1]. Moyer JD, et al. Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by CP-358,774, an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. Cancer Res. 1997, 57(21), 4838-4848.[2]. Russak EM, et al. Impact of Deuterium Substitution on the Pharmacokinetics of Pharmaceuticals. Ann Pharmacother. 2019;53(2):211-216.

SADDNIKTPAE(Arg-13C6,15N4)LLGPLPPSADDNLKT (TFA) is an isotopically labeled version of SADDNIKTPAE-LLGPLPPSADDNLKT (TFA), incorporating 13C and 15N isotopes, and presented as a trifluoroacetate salt.

2-Bromonaphthalene-d7 is a deuterium-labeled version of 2-Bromonaphthalene. Compounds labeled with stable or radioactive isotopes are useful in metabolic analysis, allowing for precise tracking and quantification of individual atoms movements.

Inosinic acid-13C10,15N4 dilithium (5'-IMP-13C10,15N4 (dilithium)) is a form of inosinic acid that is labeled with carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 isotopes. It serves as an endogenous metabolite.

Pantothenic acid-13C3,15N (hemicalcium) is a version of D-Pantothenic acid labeled with 13C and 15N isotopes. D-Pantothenic acid is an essential micronutrient, serving as a precursor to coenzyme A (CoA). It plays a crucial role in numerous biological processes, including the regulation of carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and nucleic acid metabolism.

Glycine-2-13C,15N is a form of glycine labeled with 13C and 15N isotopes. Glycine acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and serves as a co-agonist with glutamate, possessing the potential to enhance the excitatory function of glutamatergic NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid) receptors.

Cholesterol-13C5 is a form of cholesterol labeled with carbon-13 isotopes. Cholesterol is the predominant sterol in mammals, constituting 20-25% of the plasma membrane structure. While the plasma membrane is highly permeable to water, it is relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol is crucial in determining membrane fluidity and permeability features, as well as the function of transport and signaling proteins. Additionally, cholesterol acts as an endogenous agonist of estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα).

Adenosine monophosphate-13C10,15N5 (AMP-13C10,15N5) is a labeled form of adenosine monophosphate with 13C and 15N isotopes. It acts as an agonist of the adenosine A1 receptor. Additionally, adenosine monophosphate exhibits significant antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 and is a crucial cellular metabolite involved in energy homeostasis and signal transduction.

Adenosine-13C10,15N5 is adenosine labeled with 13C and 15N isotopes. Adenosine (adenine riboside) is a widely present endogenous secretion that exerts its effects through four G protein-coupled receptors [A1, A2A, A2B, and A3]. It influences nearly all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation.

Cytidine-13C9 (Cytosine β-D-riboside-13C9; Cytosine-1-β-D-ribofuranoside-13C9) is a form of cytidine labeled with carbon-13 isotopes. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside that is part of RNA and serves as a precursor to uridine. It plays a role in regulating the glial glutamate cycle, influences brain phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function.

Ceftazidime-d5 is a deuterium-labeled form of Ceftazidime. Compounds labeled with stable or radioactive isotopes are utilized in metabolic studies, allowing for precise tracking and quantification of individual atom movements.

Guanine-13C,15N2 is a guanine molecule labeled with the isotopes 13C and 15N. Guanine (2-Aminohypoxanthine) serves as a fundamental component of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. It is a purine derivative composed of a fused pyrimidine-imidazole ring system with conjugated double bonds.

L-Isoleucine-13C6,15N is a version of L-Isoleucine labeled with 13C and 15N isotopes. It is a nonpolar, hydrophobic amino acid and is classified as an essential amino acid.

L-Serine-13C3,15N,d3 is an isotopically labeled form of L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), marked with 13C and 15N isotopes and deuterium. This non-essential amino acid plays a significant role in cell proliferation.

Cytidine-13C9,15N3 is a form of cytidine labeled with 13C and 15N isotopes. As a pyrimidine nucleoside, cytidine is a component of RNA and serves as a precursor to uridine. It regulates the astroglial glutamate cycle, influences brain phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function.

Hypoxanthine-13C2,15N is a DL-Cystine compound labeled with both 15N and 13C isotopes.

Taurine-13C2,15N is a variant of taurine that is labeled with both 13C and 15N isotopes. Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation. It serves as a substrate in bile salt formation and plays a role in regulating intracellular free calcium levels. Additionally, taurine can activate autophagy in adipocytes (fat cells).

Bisphenol A-13C12 is a carbon-13 labeled variant of Bisphenol A. Compounds labeled with stable or radioactive isotopes are utilized in metabolic studies to accurately track and quantify the movement of individual atoms.

Progesterone-13C2 is a version of progesterone labeled with carbon-13 isotopes. Progesterone is a steroid hormone that plays a critical role in regulating the menstrual cycle and is essential for maintaining pregnancy.

Urea-13C,15N2 is a form of urea labeled with isotopes 13C and 15N. Urea serves as a potent protein denaturant, acting through direct and indirect mechanisms. It is also an effective moisturizer and keratolytic agent, and is used as a diuretic. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is utilized for assessing kidney function. Additionally, urea is widely employed as a nitrogen source in fertilizers and is an important raw material in the chemical industry.