ischaemia

SEW 2871 is an orally available, highly selective S1P1 agonist with an EC50 of 13.8 nM.It reduces the number of lymphocytes in the blood and is used in studies related to diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, liver fibrosis, and inflammation. It activates ERK, Akt and Rac signaling pathways and induces S1P1 internalization and recycling.

Ipratropium bromide monohydrate (Ipratropium bromide hydrate) is a muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic.

Ozagrel (Domenan) is a selective thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) synthetase inhibitor with IC50 of 11 nM for rabbit platelet, used for the improvement of postoperative cerebrovascular contraction and accompanying cerebral ischaemia.

Ipratropium Bromide (Sch 1000) is a synthetic anticholinergic agent that is used as an inhalant for treatment of acute bronchospasm due to chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Ozagrel hydrochloride (OKY-046 HCl) is a selective thromboxane A(2) synthetase inhibitor used for the improvement of postoperative cerebrovascular contraction and accompanying cerebral ischaemia.

NBQX (FG9202) is a potent, selective and competitive AMPA receptor antagonist. Neuroprotective and anticonvulsant; active in vivo.

VULM 1457 is a potent ACAT inhibitor. VULM 1457 has remarkable hypolipidaemic activity and improves the overall myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury outcomes. VULM1457 significantly reduces production and secretion of adrenomedullin (AM) and down-regulates AM receptors on human hepatoblastic cells.

NFPS exerts neuroprotection via glyR alpha1 subunit in the rat model of transient focal cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion. NFPS is a selective and non-competitive glycine transporter-1 (GlyT1) inhibitor (IC50s: 2.8 nM and 9.8 nM for hGlyT1 and rGlyT1, respectively).

Pentisomide is a class-I antiarrhythmic agent with a marked effect on depolarization (action of class Ia and Ic) and on repolarization. Pentisomide dose-dependently inhibited ischaemia-reperfusion arrhythmia. Pentisomide had been in phase II clinical trial for the treatment of arrhythmias.

BN 50739 is an antagonist of platelet-activating factor (PAF). BN 50739 suppresses certain cardiac arrhythmias. PAF is released from ischaemic myocardium and may contribute to initiation of ischaemia-induced ventricular fibrillation (VF)

LY 215490 is a selective, competitive and systemically active antagonist of AMPA receptor. LY 215490 has neuroprotective effect against focal ischaemia in a model of permanent MCA occlusion in the rat.

Izilendustat (hydrochloride) is a potent inhibitor of prolyl hydroxylase that stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and hypoxia-inducible factor-2 (HIF-2), with potential applications in HIF-1α-related diseases, including peripheral vascular disease (PVD), heart failure, coronary artery disease (CAD), ischaemia, anaemia, colitis, and other inflammatory bowel diseases.

EGIS-8332 is a potent and selective non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist. EGIS-8332 inhibits AMPA kainate ion channels and cell death. EGIS-8332 inhibited AMPA currents in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells and inhibited the AMPA- and quisqualate-induced excitotoxicity in primary cultures of telencephalon neurons (IC(50)=5.1-9.0 microM), in vitro. EGIS-8332 seems suitable for further development for the treatment of epilepsy, ischaemia and stroke based on its efficacy in a variety of experimental disease models, and on its low side effect potential.

(rac)-AG-205 serves as a robust inhibitor of the progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (Pgrmc1), crucial for inducing genes linked to sterol synthesis, notably the INSIG1 protein, which interacts with PGRMC1. Additionally, it plays a pivotal role in mitigating neuronal resistance to hypoxic ischaemia by inhibiting NF-kB signalling and the activation of the BDNF PI3K AKT pathway.

Liriodenine is a natural alkaloid that induces apoptosis in various cancer cells by targeting caspase-3 and caspase-9, and exhibits antimicrobial, antifungal, antitumour, antiviral, and antiplatelet aggregation activities.

Ac2-26, an annexin A1 mimetic peptide, was able to attenuate renal inflammatory injury in a diabetic mouse model through inhibition of p38MAPK NF-κB, as well as sepsis-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through the LXA4 PI3K AKT signalling pathway, and hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury in mice by modulating IL-22 IL-22R1 STAT3 signalling pathway.