influenza a virus (iav)

Proteinase K (Protease K) is a non-specific serine protease that can tolerate changes in SDS, urea, pH (4-12), salt concentration, and temperature. Proteinase K hydrolyzes a wide range of peptide bonds and is used for protein digestion.

DiABZI-4 is an orally active STING agonist that exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity. It functions by activating STING to induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of lymphocytes. This action inhibits the replication of Influenza A virus (IAV), SARS-CoV-2, and Human Rhinovirus (HRV), with an EC50 range of 11.8-199 nM.

Influenza A virus-IN-15 (Compound 9b), a quinoline derivative, is a broad-spectrum anti-influenza inhibitor with an IC50 range of 0.88-6.33 μM and demonstrates acceptable cytotoxicity. It inhibits the transcription and replication of viral RNA, making it suitable for research on Influenza A virus (IAV).

IAV-IN-2 (Compound MC-22) inhibits influenza A virus (IAV) by preventing its entry into host cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME).

Influenza A virus-IN-14 (Compound 37) is an inhibitor of the influenza A virus (IAV), effectively suppressing H1N1 with an EC50 of 23 nM. It demonstrates low cytotoxicity, with a CC50 exceeding 100 μM, and reduces cytopathic effects while enhancing the survival rate of Calu3 cells. The compound exhibits synergistic effects with the neuraminidase inhibitor Oseltamivir. However, it shows poor pharmacokinetic properties in CD-1 mice.

IAV-IN-3 (Compound (R,S)-16s) is an anti-influenza A virus (IAV) compound with an EC50 of 0.134 μM and exhibits low cytotoxicity, having a CC50 of 15.35 μM in MDCK cells. It inhibits IAV polymerase, with an IC50 of 0.045 μM.

Cobaltic Protoporphyrin IX chloride (CoPP) is a potent heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) inducer with antiviral activity that inhibits influenza A virus (IAV) infection by inducing a type I IFN response. mTOR inhibitor-8 is a potent mTOR inhibitor and autophagy inducer with antiviral and antitumor activities.

Colletodiol is a fungal metabolite found in D. grovesii with immunosuppressant and antiviral activities. It inhibits concanavalin A- or LPS-induced proliferation of isolated mouse splenocytes (IC50s = 12 and 5 μg ml, respectively) and inhibits influenza A viral replication in HeLa-IAV-Luc cells.

Defensin HNP-3 is a peptide secreted by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) that has antimicrobial properties. It induces lysis of mammalian cells when used at a concentration of 25 μg/mL. It also inhibits growth of E. faecalis (ED50 = 100 nM) and clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa (MIC90 = 4 μM). HNP-3 binds to recombinant HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (gp120) and human CD4 (Kds = 52.8 and 34.9 nM, respectively). It also binds to recombinant, immobilized human surfactant protein D (SP-D; Kd = 55.7 nM) and inhibits focus formation in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells infected with influenza A virus (IAV).

Influenza A virus-IN-1, a dihydropyrrolidones derivative, is a highly effective inhibitor of various subtypes of influenza A virus (IAV) with IC 50 values ranging from 3.11 μM to 7.13 μM. It effectively suppresses IAV replication and enhances the expression of key antiviral cytokines, such as IFN-β, and the antiviral protein MxA.

RSV-IN-4 (Compound 2) is a dual inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus A (IAV), demonstrating anti-RSV activity with an EC50 of 11.76 μM.

RSV-IN-3 (Compound 1) is a dual inhibitor targeting both the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus A (IAV), with an anti-RSV efficacy demonstrated by an EC50 of 32.70 μM [1].

Influenza A virus-IN-5 (Compound 16e) is a highly potent and orally active agent against influenza A virus (IAV), with an IC50 of 1.29 μM. It effectively inhibits viral RNA transcription and replication while maintaining acceptable levels of cytotoxicity [1].

Influenza A virus-IN-6 (compound 16j) is a potent and selective inhibitor of influenza A virus (IC 50= 3.88 μM, CC50= 36.64 μM), exhibiting anti-IAV activity with low cytotoxicity.

RSV/IAV-IN-3 (compound 14'i) is a dual inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) with an EC50 of 2.92 μM and influenza A virus (IAV) with an EC50 of 1.90 μM. RSV/IAV-IN-3 significantly inhibits luciferase activity in a dose-dependent manner (EC50: 3.89 μM) and suppresses IAV infection, RdRp activity, as well as post-entry replication of IAV and RSV.

Influenza A virus-IN-7 (compound 16r) is a potent, orally active inhibitor of influenza A virus with an IC50 of 3.43 μM and a CC50 greater than 100 μM. This anti-IAV agent exhibits low cytotoxicity and effectively inhibits viral RNA transcription and replication.

CBS1194 is a novel antiviral agent against influenza A virus (IAV), and is more specifically, a group 2 IAV fusion inhibitor. CBS1194 prevents membrane fusion of the virus through the inhibition of the conformational change of hemagglutinin (HA). CBS1194 causes steric hinderance that prevents the rearrangement of the HA that would normally be induced by low-pH, by fitting into the pocket by the fusion peptide.

Anti-IAV Agent 1-1a is an orally administered compound effective against the Influenza A virus (IAV), demonstrating inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values of 0.03 μM and 0.06 μM for the H1N1 strain and the Oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 strain of IAV, respectively.

Influenza A virus-IN-8 (S5), a macrocyclic peptide, exhibits no cytotoxicity and acts as a potent inhibitor of Influenza A Virus (IAV), demonstrating significant protease stability, with IC50 values of 6.7 nM for H1 and 6.6 nM for H5 variants. It has a high affinity for H1 variants, binding to a conserved region in the HA stem with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.0 nM [1].

Z-VRPR-FMK (TFA), a selective and irreversible inhibitor of Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1), is a tetrapeptide shown to provide protection against influenza A virus (IAV) infection [1].

Firivumab (CT-P22; CT120), a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting influenza A virus hemagglutinin (Anti-IAV HA), demonstrates neutralization capabilities against multiple strains including H1N1, H5N1, H6N1, H6N2, H8N4, H8N8, H9N2, and H12N7. It has also shown to protect mice from the H1N1 virus [1] [2] [3].

Gedivumab (MHAA4549A; RG7745), a human monoclonal antibody, exhibits high specificity in targeting the influenza A virus (IAV) by binding to the highly conserved stem region of the IAV hemagglutinin protein. This interaction inhibits hemagglutinin maturation and blocks hemagglutinin-mediated membrane fusion within the intranucleosome, making Gedivumab useful for studies on IAV infection disease [1].

Cobalt Protoporphyrin IX serves as a potent, specific inducer of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and demonstrates broad-spectrum antiviral effects against Influenza A virus (IAV) [1].

HA-IN-1 (compound 5g), a high-affinity Hemagglutinin (HA) ligand, targets the trypsin cleavage site of HA to inhibit HA-mediated membrane fusion and decrease pulmonary virus titer in vivo. This compound emerges as a promising influenza A virus (IAV) inhibitor and anti-influenza agent [1].