immunomodulating

Cevidoplenib dimesylate is an inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), possessing anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties.

Cortisone Acetate is a synthetic or semisynthetic analog of the naturally occurring cortisone hormone produced by the adrenal glands with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. Cortisone acetate (NSC-49420) diffuses through the cell membrane and binds to nuclear glucocorticoid receptors. The receptor-ligand complex binds to promotor regions of certain genes and initiates RNA transcription. This results in an induction of synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins while inhibiting the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators.

Prednisolone acetate (Omnipred) is the acetate salt form of prednisolone, a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties.

Prednisone (Dehydrocortisone) is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties.

Beclometasone dipropionate (Vancenase) is the dipropionate ester of a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, beclomethasone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.

Prednisolone (Hydroretrocortine) is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties.

N,N'-Diacetyl-L-cystine (DiNAC) is the disulphide dimer of N-acetylcysteine with immunomodulating properties. N,N'-diacetyl-L-cystine also has antiatherosclerotic effects in Watanabe-heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit (WHHL) rabbits. N,N'-diacetyl-L-cystine is also an effective and orally active modulator of contact sensitivity delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in rodents.

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (Acetyl L-carnitine hydrochloride) is a nutritional supplement composed of the hydrochloride salt form of the acetylated form of the endogenously produced L-carnitine, with potential neuroprotective, cognitive-enhancing, anti-depressive and immunomodulating activities. It may also relieve peripheral neuropathy induced by chemotherapy, diabetes or other diseases. In addition, acetyl-L-carnitine may modulate the immune response by increasing T-lymphocytes maturation and may downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2. It may also disrupt the ACE2 signaling pathway and inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (Phenylethyl Caffeate) (CAPE) inhibits the activation of nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B and may suppress p70S6K and Akt-driven signaling pathways, with antineoplastic, cytoprotective and immunomodulating activities. CAPE is the phenethyl alcohol ester of caffeic acid and a bioactive component of honeybee hive propolis. In addition, CAPE inhibits PDGF-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and subsequent induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).

Prednisone acetate (Prednisone 21-acetate) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist with immunomodulating properties and anti-inflammatory.

Ponesimod (ACT-128800) is an orally available sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1, S1P1) agonist with potential immunomodulating activity.

Cevidoplenib dimesylate hydrochloride is a spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor showing potential immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory properties.

Prednisolone disodium phosphate, a synthetic glucocorticoid, has immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory properties.

Triamcinolone (Aristocort) is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. Upon cell entry, triamcinolone binds to and activates the glucocorticoid receptor, which leads to translocation of the ligand-receptor complex to the nucleus and induces expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes such as lipocortins. Lipocortins inhibit phospholipase A2, thereby blocking the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids and preventing the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, both mediators of inflammation. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, including interleukin (IL)-1and IL-6, and the activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes is also inhibited. T-cells are prevented from making IL-2 and proliferating. This agent also decreases the number of circulating lymphocytes, induces cell differentiation, and stimulates apoptosis through increasing Ikappa-B expression and curtailing activation of nuclear factor (NF)kappa-B.

Splenopentin diacetate (Splenin pentapeptide (32-36)) is a synthetic immunomodulating peptide and can reproduce the biological activities of splenin and thymic hormone thymopoietin.

OH-Ubenimex is an orally active aminopeptidase inhibitor that has an immunomodulating action.

Fostamatinib Disodium (R788 Disodium) is an orally available Syk kinase inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities.

Platonin is a therapeutic immunomodulating medicine and a possible medicine against ischemic stroke.

Onilcamotide, a cancer vaccine derived from the C-terminal peptide of the RhoC protein, exhibits potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities.

Linrodostat (BMS-986205, ONO-7701, and F001287) is a selective and orally active IDO1 inhibitor with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. By inhibiting IDO1 and reducing kynurenine in tumor cells, BMS-986205 restores and promotes the

RGX-104 hydrochloride (SB742881) is a liver X receptor (LXR) agonist with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. It modulates innate immunity via transcriptional activation of the ApoE gene.

Duvelisib, also known as IPI-145 and INK-1197, is an orally bioavailable, highly selective and potent small molecule inhibitor of the delta and gamma isoforms of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, PI3K delta gamma inhibitor IPI 145 prevents the activation of the PI3K delta gamma-mediated signaling pathways which may lead to a reduction in cellular proliferation in PI3K delta gamma-expressing tumor cells. Unlike other isoforms of PI3K, the delta and gamma isoforms are overexpressed primarily in hematologic malignancies and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

TAK-659 is an inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase (syk), with potential anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, and antineoplastic activities. Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor TAK-659 may inhibit the activity of syk, which abrogates downstream B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and leads to an inhibition of B-cell activation, chemotaxis, adhesion and proliferation. Note: TAK-659 free base is less stable. This product is supplied as dihydrochloride form.

3-Fucosyllactose (3-Fucosyl-D-lactose), a predominant fucosylated oligosaccharide in human breast milk, exhibits prebiotic, immunomodulating, neonatal brain development, and antimicrobial functions.