coupling

C.I. Azoic Coupling Component 5 is an indicator of fluorescent.

N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) is a commonly employed activating ester in peptide chemistry and protein cross-linking, typically utilised to activate carboxyl groups for coupling with amine groups, serving as a key activating agent in bio-conjugate reactions.

FITC-Dextran (MW 10000) is a marker (10 kDa) formed by coupling FITC to dextran. FITC-Dextran is a labeled polysaccharide composed of branched glucose molecules of various lengths, enabling the determination of solute, ionic, and protein permeability of the blood-brain barrier depending on the size of the dextran used.

Alizarine Yellow R is a yellow colored azo dye. Alizarine Yellow R made by the diazo coupling reaction.

C.I. 37550 is an indicator of fluorescent.

L-β-ethynylserine (βES), an analog of serine, efficiently incorporates into newly synthesized proteins. Its azido group facilitates coupling with fluorescent dyes or affinity tags, enabling protein enrichment or visualization.

C.I. 37505 is an azo dye coupling component.It implicated in occupational pigmented contact dermatitis.

PUN00551, also known as Pyrenebutyricamide-PEG5-amine, TFA salt, is a compound formed by the combination of pyridine and PEG-amine. PUN00551 exhibits specific properties in carboxylic acid coupling, making it useful for synthesizing dyes and nanotubes. As it currently lacks an official name, a provisional code name has been assigned according to MedKoo chemical naming conventions [refer to webpage: https://www.medkoo.com/page/naming] for ease of communication.

NBD-Fructose is a fluorescent derivative of fructose, formed by coupling NBD chloride with the amino group of aminofructose (EX/Em=472/538 nm).

BODIPY R6G NHS ester is a chemical compound characterized by the presence of BODIPY (boron dipyrromethene) and Rhodamine 6G structures, combined with an NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide) ester active group. This composition enables efficient and specific covalent coupling with amino groups on biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, making it suitable for applications in bio-labeling, fluorescence imaging, and biosensing. The compound's unique fluorescent properties allow it to maintain high brightness and stability even in complex biological environments. Its excitation/emission wavelengths are 530 nm and 545 nm, respectively.

BP Fluor 405 acid is a water-soluble blue fluorescent dye frequently utilized in multicolor applications, such as flow cytometry and super-resolution microscopy with STORM. It is optimally excited by either the 407 nm spectral line of a krypton laser or a 408 nm violet laser diode. This compound is pH insensitive across the range of pH 4 to pH 10. The carboxylic acid form of BP Fluor 405 serves as an ideal reagent for synthesizing custom active esters not typically available commercially, such as sulfo-NHS, TFP (2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenol), and STP (4-sulfo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenol, sodium salt). Another prevalent use of non-activated carboxylic acids is in peptide modification during solid-phase synthesis, often requiring in situ activation with peptide coupling reagents like HATU. Additionally, BP Fluor 405 acid is commonly used for control experiments and calibration.

FITC-PEG-DBCO (MW 2000) is a fluorescent dye consisting of FITC, PEG, and dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO). The DBCO component is a cycloalkyne that facilitates "click chemistry" reactions with azide-containing molecules, enabling efficient coupling. The dye exhibits excitation/emission wavelengths of 488/525 nm.

FITC-PEG-DBCO (MW 5000) is a fluorescent dye made up of FITC, PEG, and dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO). DBCO, a cycloalkyne, enables "click chemistry" by reacting with azide group-containing molecules for coupling, with excitation/emission wavelengths of 488/525 nm.

AF 568 azide is an azide derivative of the orange fluorescent dye AF 568. It has an absorption wavelength range of 590-720 nm (FRET) and an emission wavelength range of 515-720 nm. AF 568 alkyne can undergo a copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing an alkyne group. It can also participate in strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules that have DBCO or BCN groups, enabling specific coupling and labeling of biomolecules.

Cy5.5 TEA is a type of CY dye, where CY stands for Cyanine, a compound composed of two nitrogen atoms connected by an odd number of methine units. Cyanine compounds are characterized by long wavelengths, tunable absorption and emission, high extinction coefficients, good water solubility, and relatively simple synthesis. CY dyes are frequently utilized for labeling proteins, antibodies, and small molecules. For protein antibody labeling, coupling can be achieved through a straightforward mixing reaction. Below, we introduce a method for labeling protein antibodies that serves as a useful reference.

Rhodamine B isothiocyanate (mixed isomers) is an orange-red fluorescent dye exhibiting cell permeability, capable of amine coupling with proteins and antibodies. With excitation/emission wavelengths of 570/595 nm, it is suitable for fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.

PA Janelia Fluor 646, SE (PA-JF646-NHS), a photoactivatable fluorescent dye, is an NHS ester for coupling to primary amine groups. PA-JF646-NHS is non-fluorescent until activated at 365 nm. NHS ester can be converted to relevant substrate for use in self-labeling tag systems, e.g.HaloTag and SNAP-tag . PA-JF646-NHS is used for single molecule tracking and super resolution microscopy in live cells, specifically live cell sptPALM and fixed cell PALM. (λ Excitation/emission ~650/664 nm).

Seph-PAO, a modified form of polyalphaolefin (PAO) compound, is created by coupling a sepharose fluorophore. Its primary application lies in the detection of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR).

TAMRA hydrazide (6-isomer) is a xanthene red fluorophore and click chemistry reagent designed for labeling carbonyl compounds, including aldehydes and ketones, by coupling its hydrazide group to the target carbonyl and incorporating the fluorescent TAMRA label via reactions with terminal alkynes [1].

ODIPY FL EDA free base, an amine-based green fluorescent probe, possesses an R-NH2 group able to undergo coupling with aldehydes or ketones, forming reversible Schiff base adducts. These intermediates can be subsequently converted into stable amine derivatives through reduction with agents like sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride. The compound is applicable in the detection of both modified and normal deoxynucleotides, as well as in illustrating DNA damage and genomic DNA methylation.

Bdp TR NHS Ester is a chemiluminescent coupling agent featuring an extended excited state lifetime, ideal for applications in immunoassays, microscopy, and fluorescence polarization analysis. This compound efficiently and specifically reacts with primary amine groups, including lysine residues or amino silane-coated surfaces, facilitating covalent bond formation under neutral or mildly basic conditions [1].

AF430 NHS ester, a derivative of the yellow fluorescent dye AF 430, is an AF 430 maleimide with an excitation wavelength of 430 nm and an emission wavelength of 542 nm. AF430 NHS ester is used for labeling amino-groups in peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides to achieve specific coupling of dye labels and biomolecules.

Catechol violet, an efficient and versatile ligand for Cu(I)-catalyzed C-S coupling reactions, also serves as a complexometric indicator dye [1] [2].

Lucifer yellow ethylenediamine (LYen; PAsp-LY) serves as a polar tracer that readily forms Schiff bases through coupling with aldehydes and ketones. These bases can subsequently be converted into stable amine derivatives via reduction using either sodium borohydride (NaBH4) or sodium cyanoborohydride (NaCNH3).