brca1/2

BRCA1-IN-2 is a cell membrane-crossing BRCA1 protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitor with antitumor activity that acts by disrupting the interaction of BRCA1 (BRCT)2 with proteins.

Talazoparib (LT-673) is a new-type PARP inhibitor (IC50: 0.58 nM), It similarly binds to PARP1/2 (Kis: 1.2/0.85 nM).

D-I03 is a selective RAD52 inhibitor with a Kd of 25.8 µM. D-I03 inhibits RAD52-dependent single-strand annealing (SSA) and D-loop formation, with IC₅₀ values of 5 µM and 8 µM, respectively. D-I03 exerts significant growth inhibition on BRCA1/2-deficient cancer cells but has no effect on RAD51. D-I03 can be used in combination therapy studies for tumors with DNA damage repair defects.

AB25583 is a potent inhibitor of the Polθ helicase domain (Polθ-hel). It blocks MMEJ repair, leading to DNA damage accumulation and synthetic lethality in BRCA1/2-deficient cancer cells.

(rac)-Talazoparib ((rac)-BMN-673) (Compound 47) is an orally active inhibitor of PARP1/2, with Ki values of 1.2 nM and 0.87 nM, respectively. It inhibits cellular PARylation at an EC50 of 2.51 nM. This compound leads to the accumulation of DNA damage and suppresses the proliferation of BRCA1/2-mutated MX-1 and Capan-1 cells, with IC50 values of 0.3 nM and 5 nM, respectively. Additionally, (rac)-Talazoparib exhibits antitumor activity in mouse models.

D-G23 is a selective RAD52 inhibitor. It disrupts RAD52-mediated DNA repair pathways and suppresses the growth of cancer cells deficient in BRCA1 and BRCA2. D-G23 shows promise for research into homologous recombination-related cancers caused by BRCA1/2 mutations, such as hereditary breast and ovarian cancers.

Dicycloplatin is an inducer of DNA damage. It activates doubly phosphorylated checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), breast cancer 1 (BRCA1), and triply phosphorylated p53 to induce DNA damage. Dicycloplatin can cause cell cycle arrest, inhibit proliferation, and trigger apoptosis in prostate cancer PC3 cells and lung cancer NCI/H446 cells. It is applicable for research in the field of cancer.

EXO1-IN-1 (Compound F684) is a potent and selective inhibitor of exonuclease 1 (EXO1) with an IC50 of 15.7 μM. It inhibits DNA end resection, promotes the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks, and induces S-phase polyadenylation, thereby disrupting DNA repair pathways in homologous recombination-deficient (HRD) cancer cells. This selectivity effectively targets and kills tumor cells with homologous recombination gene defects, such as BRCA1/2 mutations. EXO1-IN-1 holds promise for researching cancers with homologous recombination deficiencies, including BRCA-related tumors.

PARP1-IN-39 is an inhibitor of PARP1, with an IC50 value of 0.22 nM. In human breast cancer cells, its IC50 is 1.57 nM. PARP1-IN-39 is applicable for studying cancers associated with DNA repair deficiencies, such as breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers, particularly those with BRCA1/2 mutations.

DD-CIP2 is a DNA damage inducer that triggers significant DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis by modulating DNA damage response pathways. It demonstrates notable antitumor efficacy without apparent toxicity at well-tolerated doses in vivo. Its exceptional cytotoxicity against a range of cancer cell lines from hematological and solid tumors is independent of their BRCA1/2 status. DD-CIP2 can be utilized in research on small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Phosphoramide mustard cyclohexanamine is the active metabolite of cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent that cross-links DNA strands, organizes cell division and causes cell death, and has antitumor activity.

SK-575 is a degradation agent targeting protein-hydrolyzed PARP1 chimera with anticancer and antitumor activity.SK-575 effectively inhibits the growth of cancer cells harboring BRCA1/2 mutations and selectively induces PARP1 degradation in cancer cells.

SC10914 is a highly potent PARP inhibitor (PARP1 IC50 = 7.87 nM) with potent anti-proliferative activity against human BRCA deficient tumor cells (MDA-MB-436, BRCA1 deficient, IC50 = 4.03 nM, Capan-1 BRCA2 deficient, IC50 = 11.66 nM) and PTEN deficient tumor cells (HGC-27,PTEN deficient, IC50 = 0.35 μM). SC10914 showed potent anti-tumor activity in BRCA1/2 mutant tumor models and better pharmacokinetics profile has the potential to be selected as the clinical candidate for the treatment of treatment of BRCA1/2 deficient cancers.

TNG348 is an allosteric, selective, and reversible inhibitor of USP1, causing dose-dependent accumulation of ubiquitinated substrates in vitro and in vivo. CRISPR screens demonstrate that TNG348 disrupts DNA damage tolerance by interfering with the translesion synthesis pathway via RAD18-dependent ubiquitinated PCNA. Although both TNG348 and PARP inhibitors selectively kill homologous recombination-deficient tumors, they act through distinct mechanisms: PARP1 knockout confers resistance to PARP inhibitors but sensitizes cells to TNG348. Consistent with this mechanistic divergence, combining TNG348 with PARP inhibitors results in synergistic antitumor efficacy, including tumor growth inhibition and regression in multiple HRD mouse xenograft models.