b-Alanine

β-Alanine (3-Aminopropanoic acid) is a naturally occurring beta amino acid formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine. It acts as a neurotransmitter by activating glycine and GABA receptors.

Betamipron (CS-443) is used combination with panipenem to prevent nephrotoxicity and inhibit panipenem uptake into the renal tubule.

Methyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (β-Alanine methyl ester hydrochloride) is the ethyl ester of the non-essential amino acid β-alanine.

3-Amino-2-methylpropanoic acid (α-Methyl-β-alanine) is the product from the conversion of N-carbamyl-beta-aminoisobutyric acid by the enzyme Beta-ureidopropionase (EC 3.5.1.6), the last step in pyrimidine degradation. Beta-ureidopropionase deficiency is an inborn error of pyrimidine degradation associated with neurological abnormalities.

N-Bromoacetyl-β-alanine is an alkyl chain-derived PROTAC linker used in synthesizing PROTACs[1] and serves as a cleavable ADC linker in the production of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)[2].

Ureidopropionic acid (3-Ureidopropionic acid) is an intermediate in uracil metabolism, produced from dihydrouracil by the enzyme dihydropyrimidase and further decomposed to beta-alanine by beta-ureidopropionase. It is a urea derivative of beta-alanine. High levels of Ureidopropionic acid are found in individuals with beta-ureidopropionase (UP) deficiency. Enzyme deficiencies in pyrimidine metabolism are associated with severe toxicity to the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil.

Enalapril IMpurity B ((+)-N-[1-(S)-Ethoxycarbonxyl-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanine) is Moexipril intermediate and is the main metabolite of Imidapril.

β-Chloro-L-alanine (L-β-Chloroalanine) is a bacteriostatic amino acid analog which inhibits a number of enzymes, including threonine deaminase and alanine racemase.

β-cyano-L-Alanine (Beta-cyano-l-alanine) is a commonly occurring nitrile found in higher plants.

Cyclosporin B is an immunosuppressant that has revolutionized organ transplantation through its use in the prevention of graft rejection. Cyclosporin B displays antiviral properties, inhibiting the entry of hepatitis B into hepatocytes. Cyclosporin B also

β-N-Methylamino-L-alanine hydrochloride (L-BMAA hydrochloride) is a neurotoxin produced by cyanobacteria that may contribute to the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases.

SHS4121705 is an orally bioavailable mitochondrial uncoupler.1It increases oxygen consumption rate in L6 rat myoblast cells with an EC50value of 4.3 μM. SHS4121705 (25 mg/kg per day in the diet) reduces hepatic steatosis, liver triglyceride levels, and plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in Stelic animal model (STAM) mice, a model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 1.Salamoun, J.M., Garcia, C.J., Hargett, S.R., et al.6-Amino[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-ol derivatives as efficacious mitochondrial uncouplers in STAM mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitisJ. Med. Chem.63(11)6203-6224(2020)

Pap12-6, an antibacterial peptide originating from the first twelve N-terminal amino acids of papiliocin found in P. xuthus larvae, exhibits activity against a range of eight Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. syphimurium with MIC50s=4-8 µM) and Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus 3126, B. subtilis, and S. epidermidis with MIC50s=4-8 µM), without compromising the viability of human erythrocytes, mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages, human HaCaT keratinocytes, or human HEK293 kidney cells at 25 µM. It causes membrane depolarization in E. coli at 4 and 8 µM and, upon preincubation at 10 µM, decreases nitrite (NO2-), Tnf-α, and Il-6 secretion in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In a murine model, Pap12-6 enhances survival rates and diminishes colony forming units (CFUs) in several organs upon E. coli infection at 10 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg doses, respectively. Additionally, at a 1 mg/kg dose, it lowers serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, as well as blood urea nitrogen levels in E. coli-induced sepsis, indicating its therapeutic potential for bacterial infections without affecting host cell viability.

Schisantherin C is a lignan-derived natural product with a characteristic dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan skeleton. In studies related to chronic viral hepatitis, it has been shown to reduce serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and exhibit certain hepatoprotective effects. Schisantherin C also exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. It inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and alleviates β-amyloid and homocysteine-induced neuronal damage by regulating oxidative stress and apoptosis-related signaling pathways. It is commonly used in studies on the pharmacological mechanisms of hepatoprotection and the central nervous system.

Alloc-Val-Ala-OH (((Allyloxy)carbonyl)-L-valyl-L-alanine) serves as a building block in the synthesis of Tesirine, which is a clinical antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) featuring a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer payload. The Val-Ala sequence is cleaved specifically by cathepsin B. The Alloc group is stable towards piperidine and TFA, yet can be easily removed under mild conditions via palladium-catalyzed allyl transfer.