Malvales

Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (EH-201) is a low MW inducer of erythropoietin. Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside induces expression of erythropoietin, PPAR-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and haemoglobin in astrocytes and PC12 neuronal-like cells. In vivo, Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside treatment restores memory impairment, as assessed by the passive avoidance test, in SD, Aβ and KA mouse models. In the hippocampus of mice given Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside in their diet, levels of erythropoietin, PGC-1α and haemoglobin were increased. Treatment with Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside might be a therapeutic strategy for memory impairment in neurodegenerative disease, physiological ageing or traumatic brain injury.

Polydatin (Piceid), the glycoside of Resveratrol, is originally isolated from the Chinese herb Polygonum cuspidatum. The compound can inhibit platelet aggregation and elevate the ratios of LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C. In the myocardial cell, white blood cell, vascular smooth muscle cell, and endothelial cell, Polydatin can inhibit ICAM-1 expression, elevate Ca2+, weaken white blood cell-endothelial cell adhesion, and activate KATP channels.

Daphnetin (7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin), a natural coumarin derivative, is a protein kinase inhibitor with inhibitory for EGFR (IC50: 7.67 μM), PKA (IC50: 9.33 μM), and PKC (IC50: 25.01 μM), also exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Ouabain octahydrate (Acocantherine) is a cardiac glycoside that inhibits Na(+)/K(+) ATPase. Ouabain octahydrate regulates transcription of MDR (increase, Pgp) and MRP (increase MRP1 and decrease CFTR, cyctic fibrosis transport receptor or cAMP-activated Cl- channel) genes, also alters localization of MRP1.

2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucoside (Astragalus polyphenols) is a compound isolated from the roots of Polygonum species, which inhibits the formation of 5-HETE, HHT, and thromboxane B2.

Padmatin (Blumeatin C) is a component of the heartwood of Prunus puddum.

6-Hydroxy-2-phenethylchromone (6-Hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone) is a compound isolated from Aquilaria sinensis, which has antioxidant activity.

Cholestenone is an intermediate oxidation product of cholesterol that is metabolized primarily in the liver. It can cause long-term defects in cell function. It is highly mobile in membranes and affects cholesterol turnover and efflux.

6,7-Dimethoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (6,7-Dimethoxy-2-phenethylchromone) is a substance found in incense wood and can be used as a metabolic marker to discriminate between wild and cultivated incense.

Yuankanin, a natural compound found in thyme leaves, Daphne gnidium and Daphne feddei, is a genkwanin-5-bioside with anthelmintic activity.

7,4'-Di-O-methylapigenin (4',7-DIMETHOXY-5-HYDROXYFLAVONE) can inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes and enhance 2-NBDG uptake in L6 cells, it has hypolipidemic effect on mouse pre-adipocyte (3T3L1) cell lines.

Gossypol (BL 193) Acetate is a polyphenolic aldehyde that permeates cells and acts as an inhibitor for several dehydrogenase enzymes.

Blumeatin has antioxidant properties, free radical scavenging activity,and has xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity.

2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromone (Flidersiachromone) is a natural product isolated from the herbs of *Aquilaria sinensis*.

Isoagarotetrol is a compound from Aquilaria sinensis. with significant protective effects against CORT-induced PC12 cell damage.

(S)-Gossypol acetic acid ((S)-(+)-Gossypol acetic acid) is a conformational isomer of Gossypol that acts as a BH3 mimic capable of binding Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 proteins, with the potential to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell growth.

Gossypol acetic acid (AT101), a polyphenolic compound isolated from cottonseeds, binds with Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, and does not inhibit BIR3 domain and BID.

Hibifolin is a flavonol glycoside natural product,is a potential inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (Ki of 49.92 μM). Hibifolin protects neurons against beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity.

Theobromine (3,7-Dimethylxanthine), a xanthine alkaloid, is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator.

4-Hydroxycoumarin is a coumarin derivative and one of the versatile heterocyclic scaffolds with electrophilic and nucleophilic properties.

D-Melibiose (Galalpha1-6Glcbeta) is a reducing disaccharide formed by an alpha-1, 6 linkage between galactose and glucose (D-Gal-α(1→6)-D-Glc).

Isoborneol (DL-Isoborneol) is a monoterpene alcohol, with neuroprotective and antiviral activities

3-Methylxanthine, a xanthine derivative, is a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) inhibitor with an IC50 of 920 μM on guinea-pig isolated trachealis muscle. It inhibits xanthine crystallization and could protect patients with xanthinuria from developing renal xanthine calculi.

Iriflophenone stimulates cells proliferation in  MCF-7 and T-47D human breast cancer.