Malus

Phloretin (NSC-407292) is a well-known inhibitor of eukaryotic urea transporters, blocks VacA-mediated urea and ion transport. Phloretin is a dihydrochalcone, a type of natural phenols. It can be found in apple tree leaves and the Manchurian apricot. It promotes potent antioxidative activities in peroxynitrite scavenging and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. It has been found to inhibit the growth of several cancer cells and induce apoptosis of B16 melanoma and HL60 human leukemia cells.

Toringin is a bioflavonoid isolated from the bark of Docyniopsis tschonoski, which inhibits CTG-250 cytotoxicity.

Malic acid disodium hydrate is commonly used as a food additive, buffering agent and nutritional supplement with the ability to enhance food flavor, improve texture and regulate acidity. Hydroxybutanedioic acid disodium hydrate can also be used as a dietary supplement to help increase energy production, reduce fatigue and enhance athletic performance.

3-Furanmethanol exhibits weak binding activity toward rat hepatic aryl sulfotransferase (AST IV), and is widely used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

Polygalacturonic acid (Galacturonic acid polymer) is a transparent, gel-like polymer that constitutes a key component of the plant cell wall, and Polygalacturonic acid has been applied in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), acting as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent to protect cells from ROS-induced damage and promote wound healing, while Polygalacturonic acid nanoparticles additionally exhibit antimicrobial properties, providing multifunctional applications in biomedical research and nanomaterial development.

Sieboldin is a natural product