Garcinia

1. gamma-Mangostin (Normangostin) as a preventive agent of the metabolic syndrome. 2. Gamma-Mangostin has free radical scavenging activity, and antiproliferative and apoptotic activity in HepG2 cells. 3. Gamma-Mangostin could serve as a micronutrient for colon cancer prevention and is a potential lead compound for the development of anti-colon cancer agents. 4. Gamma-Mangostin may acts as an antihypertensive agent , by causing vasorelaxation which is mediated via the NO-cGMP pathway.

Gambogic Acid (Guttic Acid) ( EC50=0.78-1.64 uM) activates caspases. Gambogic Acid competitively suppresses Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1. The IC50s of Gambogic Acid for Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1 are 1.47, 1.21, 2.02, 0.66, 1.06 and 0.79 uM, respectively.

Gambogenic acid is a natural product,is an effective inhibitor of EZH2,with anticancer activity.

1-Isomangostin has cytotoxic and anticomplementary activities.

alpha-Mangostin (Mangostin) is a natural xanthonoid, a type of organic compound isolated from various parts of the mangosteen tree.

Beta-mangostin (β-Mangostin) is a xanthone compound with antibacterial and antimalarial activities. Beta-mangostin present in Cratoxylum arborescens and exhibits antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with an MIC of 6.25 μg/mL. Beta-mangostin possesses in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, with an IC50 of 3.00 μg/mL. Beta-mangostin has potent anticancer activity against various cancers (such as hepatocellular carcinoma, leukaemic).

Morellic acid has anti-cancer activity, it strongly inhibited the migration of HUVEC at a low concentration of 0.5 μM in HUVEC cell migration assay in vitro. Morellic acid also has antiangiogenic activity.

3-Isomangostin is a potent human aldose reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.48 uM; it is also an acetylcholinesterase selective inhibitor. 3-Isomangostin has free radical scavenging activity; it shows antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values in the rang

Garcinone C is a xanthone derivative extracted from Garcinia oblongifolia Champ with anti-inflammatory, astringency, and granulation-promoting activities. Garcinone C is an AChE inhibitor and has potential cytotoxic effects on certain cancers.

Neogambogic acid, an active ingredient in garcinia, can inhibit the growth of some solid tumors [resulting in an anticancer effect], and may be responsible for the inhibition of proliferation of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 cells.

8-Deoxygartanin is a butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) selective inhibitor, it exhibits significant inhibition of self-induced α2-amyloid (Aα2) aggregation, it has multifunctional activities against Alzheimer's disease (AD) and could be promising compounds for the therapy of AD.

Garcinone D shows significant cytotoxicity against the CEM-SS cell line, with IC(50) value of 3.2 microg/ml; it exhibits dose-dependent enzyme-based microsomal aromatase inhibitory activity. Garcinone D inhibits p65 activation with IC50 values of 3.2 micr

Gartanin is an androgen receptor degradation enhancer, it is also a potential neuroprotective agent against glutamate-induced oxidative injury partially through increasing Nrf-2-independed HO-1 and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α±signaling pathways.

Fuscaxanthone C is a natural product from Garcinia mangostana.

1. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone (5,7-Dihydroxy-4H-Chromen-4-One) isolated from DME is one of the active compounds that may contribute to regulate blood glucose levels. 2. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone exerts neuroprotective effect against 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by activating Nrf2/ARE signal . 3. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone induces the translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus and increases Nrf2/ARE binding activity which results in the up-regulation of the expression of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant genes, including HO-1, NQO1, and GCLc.

Cratoxylone is derived from the bark of the Cochin tree and has anti-plasmodial activity and potential anti-tumor and antioxidant activity.

Cowaxanthone B is a new tetraoxoanthrone isolated from the fruit of Garcinia cambogia.Cowaxanthone B has potential antibacterial activity.

Butyl benzoate is an ester compound widely used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

Cotoin, a natural product isolated from the stem bark of Garcinia virgate, exhibits antispasmodic activity by reducing the tone and contraction of isolated rabbit intestine. It partially inhibits the effects of acetylcholine, trichothecenes, and BaCl on the isolated intestine.

1,3,7-Trihydroxy-2-prenylxanthone (Isombarraxanthone) shows weak antibacterial activity against the bacterium.

Morelloflavone is a biflavonoid derived from Garcinia cambogia with anticancer property that inhibits tumor angiogenesis by targeting Rho GTPases and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Fukugetin inhibits the cellular proliferation of a variety of cancer cell lines, such as Caspase-9, TNF -α, ER-α, , HER-2.

GB 1b is a natural product isolated from the leaves of Garcinia travancorica.

GB 1a is a natural product isolated from the leaves of Garcinia travancorica.

(-)-Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) can inhibit fat synthesis and reduces food intake, the primary mechanism of action of HCA appears to be related to its ability to act as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme ATP-citrate lyase, which catalyzes the conversion of citrate and coenzyme A to oxaloacetate and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), primary building blocks of fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis.