thickness

LP-922056 is an inhibitor of Notum Pectinacetylesterase with EC50 values of 21 nM, 55 nM for human and mouse, respectively.

Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptors antagonist with Kis of 1.62, 27.5, and 2.63 nM for M1, M2, and M3 receptors, respectively.

Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an N-acetyl derivative of cysteine, a ROS inhibitor and mucolytic agent. Acetylcysteine induces apoptosis, can be used to reduce mucus thickness, and has anti-influenza viral activity.

3-Hydroxykynurenamine, also known as 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenamine or 3-HKA, is a biogenic amine produced via an alternative pathway of tryptophan metabolism. In vitro, 3-HKA has an anti-inflammatory profile by inhibiting the IFN-γ mediated STAT1 NF-κΒ pathway in both mouse and human dendritic cells (DCs) with a consequent decrease in the release of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, most notably TNF, IL-6, and IL12p70. 3-HKA has protective effects in an experimental mouse model of psoriasis by decreasing skin thickness, erythema, scaling and fissuring, reducing TNF, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-17 production, and inhibiting generation of effector CD8+ T cells. Similarly, in a mouse model of nephrotoxic nephritis, besides reducing inflammatory cytokines, 3-HKA improves proteinuria and serum urea nitrogen, overall ameliorating immune-mediated glomerulonephritis and renal dysfunction.This compound is unstable in powder form and other related salt forms are recommended.

Myristoyl Tetrapeptide-12 Acetate (Myristoyl Tetrapeptide-12 Acetate (959610-24-3 Free base)) , the reaction product of myristic acid and Tetrapeptide-12, is a peptide stimulating hair and eyelash growth and enhancing the appearance of eyelashes and or eyebrows. Myristoyl tetrapeptide-12 can increase keratinocyte proliferation improve appearance, firmness elasticity, and skin thickness.

PQA-18, an inhibitor of p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2; IC50 = 10 nM), is derived from Ppc-1 (product number 42352) and exhibits immunosuppressive properties. It inhibits IL-2 production in Jurkat T cells induced by Concanavalin A (product number 14951) with an IC50 of 400 nM. Topically applied at 0.1%, PQA-18 reduces the severity of atopic dermatitis, serum IgE levels, and skin thickness in the NC Nga mouse model. A lower concentration of 0.05% also decreases skin nerve fiber density in NC Nga mice. Additionally, PQA-18 administered at 4 mg kg improves graft survival in a rat small intestine transplantation model.

GM 1489 is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) with Ki values of 0.002, 0.1, 0.5, 0.2, and 20 μM for MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-3, respectively. It reduces 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine-induced increases in MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, and MMP-14 expression as well as cell invasion in AsPC-1, BxPC-3, Hs766T, MiaPaCa2, and PANC-1 cancer cells. Topical administration of GM 1489 (100 μg) inhibits increases in ear thickness and epidermal hyperplasia induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and phorbol dibutyrate (PdiBu) in mice.

KLD-12, a 12-residue self-assembling peptide, displays properties that promote chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Moreover, KLD-12 hydrogel can effectively fill full-thickness osteochondral defects in their original location, leading to improved cartilage repair.

Abicipar pegol (AGN-150998, MP0112), an anti-VEGF DARPin molecule, is a novel class of small ankyrin repeat domain-containing proteins designed for high specificity and affinity targeting. This compound effectively inhibits angiogenesis and vascular permeability, and has been applied in ocular inflammation-related disease studies through intravitreal injections, significantly reducing mean retinal thickness and leakage area [1] [2].

Tiger17, a cyclic peptide derivative of tigerinin-RC1 and tigerinin-RC2—antimicrobial peptides from the crab-eating frog (F. cancrivora) skin secretions—enhances HaCaT keratinocytes and human skin fibroblasts proliferation at 5 to 20 µg/ml concentrations, and promotes HaCaT cell migration at 20 µg/ml. Additionally, Tiger17 augments RAW 264.7 macrophages' recruitment and secretion of TGF-β1 and IL-6. When topically applied at 20 µg/ml, it accelerates wound closure and re-epithelialization in a mouse model of full-thickness dermal wounds.

Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-12 Acetate (Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-12 Acetate (171263-26-6 Free base)) can promote collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid on proliferation. It can be used to improve the skin's water content, increase the thickness of the dermis, reduce microgrooves.