stones

Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate (Lithium citrate tribasic tetrahydrate) , the active component of Lithium, is a medicine used in the therapy of psychiatric disease. It has shown the effects of signaling pathways and metabolic in the brain based on the particular disease and clinical condition model. According to the reports, Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate was used as a mood stabilizer when treating bipolar mood disorders (BD) and lower the risk of self-harm in BD patient. In addition,Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate has been the choice drug in the therapy of acute manic episodes.Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate also could dissolve uric acid crystals in urine achieved from patients with gout. Besides,Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate have some dose-dependent side-effects. The the main side-effects of Lithium Citrate is the tendency to inhibit the prostatic acid phosphatase enzyme (PAP), which result in the accumulation of PAP.

Hydroxycitric acid tripotassium hydrate (Potassium citrate monohydrate) is the major active ingredient of Garcinia cambogia and a derivative of citric acid, which effectively inhibits stone formation and HIF, and has antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-tumor effects. It also competitively inhibits ATP citrate lyase, offering weight loss benefits.

Inobrodib (CBP-IN-1) is a potent inhibitor of p300/CBP bromodomain.

Chlorambucil (CB-1348) is an orally-active antineoplastic aromatic nitrogen mustard. Chlorambucil alkylates and cross-links DNA during all phases of the cell cycle, resulting in disruption of DNA function, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis.

Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitor II is a selective and cell permeable inhibitor of p300 histone acetyltransferase(IC50 : 5 μM).with anti-acetylase activity in mammalian cells.

LP99 is an epigenetic probe. LP99 disrupts the binding of BRD7 and BRD9 to chromatin in cells. LP99 is an effective and selective inhibitor of the BRD7 and BRD9 bromodomains (Kd: 99 nM against BRD9).

BRD9539 is an inhibitor of euchromatin histone methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2), also known as G9a, with an IC50 value of 6.3 μM

Uric acid sodium is a potent and widely recognized antioxidant with the ability to scavenge oxygen free radicals, helping to maintain blood pressure stability and counteract oxidative stress. It effectively eliminates reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, and inhibits lipid peroxidation. Additionally, uric acid sodium is closely associated with the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis and the formation of calcium oxalate stones, and it can be used to induce hypertension models.

L-Penicillamine is a medication primarily. It is used for the treatment of Wilson's disease. It is also used for people with kidney stones who have high urine cystine levels, rheumatoid arthritis, copper poisoning, and lead poisoning.

Vamagloxistat (sodium) functions as an inhibitor of glycolate oxidase, and is designed to treat hyperoxaluria and kidney stones.

Urease-IN-19 (Compound 3c) is a potent inhibitor of urease, demonstrating an IC50 value of 2.7 µM. It shows potential for use in research related to kidney stones and gastric ulcers.

L-Cystine disodium monohydrate is the orally active extracellular form of L-Cysteine found in plant and animal proteins. It enhances the expression of the Nrf2 protein and activates the Nrf2 transcription factor. Additionally, L-Cystine disodium monohydrate decreases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and safeguards cells from oxidant or Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. When used with L-theanine, it boosts the production of antigen-specific IgG by increasing glutathione (GSH) levels and Th2-mediated responses. L-Cystine disodium monohydrate shows potential for research into cystinosis and kidney stones.

Febuxostat 67M-2 is a derivative of Febuxostat 67M-1, which is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. Febuxostat 67M-2 reduces the production of uric acid in the body and is used to lower the risk of gout or kidney stones.

Vamagloxistat is a glycolate oxidase inhibitor utilized to mitigate hyperoxaluria and reduce the formation of kidney stones [1].

Betiatide acts as a chelator for Technetium-99m (99mTc) in the preparation of 99mTc-MAG3 (mercaptoacetyltriglycine), which is a radiopharmaceutical used for renal imaging. It is utilized in diagnosing congenital and acquired abnormalities, renal failure, urinary tract obstructions, and stones. Additionally, Betiatide is employed in the synthesis/research of radiolabeled conjugate drugs (RDC).

Tripotassium citrate is a citric acid compound containing potassium ions, commonly employed as a buffer in biochemical experiments to maintain stable pH levels within an effective range. It may also be utilised in the treatment of urinary tract stones.

3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid sodium is a degradation product of isoleucine. It serves as a biomarker for mustard airway disease (MAD) and uric acid stones.