stimulon

QS-21-Api is an immunostimulatory saponin and a major active component of the natural vaccine adjuvant QS-21, capable of modulating the functions of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells, thereby inducing both Th2-mediated humoral immunity and Th1-mediated cellular immune responses. In addition, QS-21-Api can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, promoting the release of caspase-1–dependent cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18, thereby enhancing Th1 immune responses.

Lipid II binder 5107930 is a lipid II binder which causes specific upregulation of the vancomycin-resistance associated gene vraX, which is implicated in the cell wall stress stimulon that confers glycopeptide resistance.