resorption

(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a phenolic antioxidant polyphenol flavonoid found in plants such as green and black tea, which inhibits telomerase and DNA methyltransferase, blocks the activation of EGF receptors and HER-2 receptors, inhibits cellular oxidation, and prevents free radical damage to cells.

Cimicifugoside H1 shows the protective function to cerebral neuron during cerebral ischemia.

Icariside I (Lcariside I) is isolated from Epimedium herb. It can stimulate osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and inhibit bone resorption activity of osteoclasts.

Calcitriol (1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3) is a metabolite of vitamin D and a vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonist (IC50=0.4 nM). Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and increases bone resorption with parathyroid hormone.

1. Poncirin (Isosakuranetin-7-neohesperidoside) shows a significant in vitro inhibitory effect on the growth of the human gastric cancer cells, SGC-791, in a dose-dependent manner. 2. Poncirin prevents adipogenesis, enhances osteoblast differentiation in mesenchymal stem cellsincreased bone mineral density, and improves trabecular microarchitecture likely reflect increases bone formation and decreases bone resorption in GIO mice.

Reveromycin A is the major component of a complex of spiroketal antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces sp. It inhibits the mitogenic activity of epidermal growth factor in Balb MK cells (IC50 = 0.7 μg ml), displays antiproliferative activity against human KB and K562 tumor cell lines (IC50s = 1.9 and 1.6 μg ml, respectively), and demonstrates antifungal activity against C. albicans (MIC = 2 μg ml at pH 3). Reveromycin A also has been shown to inhibit bone resorption by inducing apoptosis in osteoclasts with an IC50 value of 0.7 μM.

Sophocarpine, a major ingredient of Sophora alopecuroides, has a wide range of pharmacological effects.

Curculigoside B shows antioxidative and antiosteoporotic activities, it can decrease area of bone resorption pit, osteoclastic formation and TRAP activity.

Gossypetin, a hexahydroxylated flavonoid extractable from Rhodiola rosea Linn. is a potent MKK3 and MKK6 inhibitor that strongly attenuates the MKK3 6-p38 signaling pathway.Gossypetin exhibits antimutagenic, antiatherosclerotic, antioxidant, as well as cytoprotective and antimicrobial effects.It inhibits bone resorption by downregulating lysosomal caspase K activity and inducing autophagy-associated proteins in actin ring osteoclasts. Gossypetin has anti-mutagenic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-oxidant, cytoprotective and antibacterial effects, and it inhibits bone resorption by down-regulating lysosomal caspase K activity and by inducing autophagy-associated protein in actin ring osteoblasts.

Bavachalcone, a major bioactive compound isolated from *Psoralea corylifolia* L., may serve as a therapeutic drug for bone resorption-associated diseases. It protects endothelial function by increasing AMPK activity and MnSOD expression while reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress.

Rubiadin-1-methyl ether (Rubiadin 1-methyl ether) is a natural product.It inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption via inhibition on the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and the degradation of IκBα as well as decrease in the nuclear translocation of p65.

1. Obtusifolin has antioxidant properties and improves chemically induced diabetes and its complications by modulation of oxidative stress. 2. Obtusifolin suppresses phthalate esters-mediated bone resorption, thus may be a novel anti-breast-cancer bone me

Justicidin B, a potent lignan, exhibits anticancer and proapoptotic properties, additionally serving as a bone resorption inhibitor. This compound demonstrates robust antiviral, fungicidal, and antiprotozoal effects, along with a significant inhibition of platelet aggregation.

Echistatin TFA, the smallest active RGD protein from snake venoms, is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, bone resorption in culture, and an antagonist of αIIbβ3, αvβ3, and α5β1[1][2][3][4].

2-Methoxystypandrone displays an immunomodulatory effect in a cellular model, it blocks inflammatory responses by impairing NF-κB signaling to limit the inflammation and oxidative stress for preservation of BBB integrity. 2-Methoxystypandrone concomitant

3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone(5-Deoxykampferol) is a DNA-breaking flavonoid isolated from rosewood heartwood. It inhibits osteoclast differentiation, actin ring formation, and bone resorption in RAW 264.7 cells and bone marrow macrophages induced by NF-κB ligand (RANKL) receptor activators.

Tectorigenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxy-6-methoxyisoflavone) is an O-methylated isoflavone. Tectorigenin Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation and in vivo Bone Healing, but Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation and in vivo Bone Resorption.

2,3-Bis(3-indolylmethyl)indole exhibits a concentration-dependent inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, actin ring formation, and bone resorption.

Deoxypyridinoline is one of two pyridinium cross-links that provide structural stiffness to type I collagen found in bones. It is excreted unmetabolized in urine and is a specific marker of bone resorption and osteoclastic activity.

Veraguensin is derived from Magnolia sp.. Veraguensin inhibits bone resorption and shows high antileishmanial activity.

Neomangiferin (Mangiferin 7-glucoside) has beneficial effects on high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. Neomangiferin and mangiferin inhibit tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, a biochemical marker of osteoclast function and bone resorption.

(2S)-2'-Methoxykurarinone is isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens. (2S)-2'-Methoxykurarinone has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antidiabetic, and antineoplastic effects. (2S)-2'-Methoxykurarinone inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption through down-regulation of RANKL signaling. (2S)-2'-Methoxykurarinone displays cytotoxic activity against human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells.