mineral oil

Pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane) is a natural product from shark liver oil and a non-antigenic adjuvant.

Polidocanol (Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether) is an alkyl polyethylene glycol ether of lauryl alcohol, which is a derivative of natural fatty or alkyl alcohols in natural mineral oil and is a hardener. Polidocanol can be used as a local anesthetic, but in combination with other anesthetic drugs there is a risk of enhancing the effects of the anesthetic drugs on the cardiovascular system.

Hydrogenated didecene as skin-softening agent derived from didecene, which is a hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. Examples of common hydrocarbons include mineral oil, petroleum, and paraffin wax.

Pristane-d40 is the deuterated form of Pristane (Norphytane), a naturally occurring hydrocarbon oil found in trace amounts in various plants and marine organisms, and considered one of the most active components in mineral oil. As a non-antigenic adjuvant, Pristane can induce MHC class II-restricted arthritis T cells in rats.

Adjuvant-4 is a vaccine adjuvant that boosts antigen-specific antibody titers and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. It typically functions as a water-in-oil emulsifier composed of mineral oil and sorbitan monooleate.

Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) is an emulsified immunostimulant containing mineral oil and heat-killed mycobacteria, capable of inducing Th1 responses and enhancing immune reactions. It is frequently employed in establishing rat models of rheumatoid arthritis and persistent inflammatory pain.