marine organisms

Pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane) is a natural product from shark liver oil and a non-antigenic adjuvant.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid is an ω-3 fatty acid and an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FASN). Eicosapentaenoic Acid promotes DNA demethylation in the reexpression of the tumor suppressor gene CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ). Eicosapentaenoic Acid activates the RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway in U937 leukemia cells through demethylation of the CpG island of H-RAS intron 1. Eicosapentaenoic Acid promotes the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vasodilation.

Spongosine (2-Methoxy adenosine) is a pivotal intercellular signal transmitter, which has demonstrated a diverse bioactivity profile including anti-inflammatory activity and analgesic and vasodilation properties. Spongosine is a natural product isolated from Marine organisms, and first isolated from the marine sponge Cryptotethia crypta in 1950

Eicosapentaenoic acid is an ω-3 fatty acid abundantly available in marine organisms. (±)17(18)-DiHETE is one of the major metabolites produced when eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is incubated with various rat tissue homogenates or cynomolgus monkey seminal vesicles. The route of production of (±)17(18)-DiHETE likely proceeds through cytochrome P450-catalyzed epoxidation at the ω-3 double bond followed by conversion to the vicinal diols by epoxide hydrolase. EPA is also metabolized preferentially by Gaeumannomyces graminis to (±)17(18)-DiHETE.

Eicosapentaenoic acid is an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid that is abundant in marine organisms and fish oils. EPA is metabolized, in part, through cytochrome P450-catalyzed epoxidation followed by conversion to the vicinal diols by epoxide hydrolases. (±)5(6)-DiHETE is a possible metabolite produced from EPA following epoxidation of the α-5 double bond. The biological activity of (±)5(6)-DiHETE has not been documented.

One of the first organisms in which quorum sensing was observed were Myxobacteria, a group of gram-negative bacteria, found mainly in soil and also common to marine and freshwater systems. The cellular membranes of autotrophic bacteria contain mono-unsaturated fatty acids. The specific composition and abundance of membrane fatty acids can be used to identify specific genera of bacterial populations in natural environments (e.g., mining lakes, etc.). δ2-cis-Hexadecenoic acid is an unusual fatty acid unique to some Myxococcus species.

Pristane-d40 is the deuterated form of Pristane (Norphytane), a naturally occurring hydrocarbon oil found in trace amounts in various plants and marine organisms, and considered one of the most active components in mineral oil. As a non-antigenic adjuvant, Pristane can induce MHC class II-restricted arthritis T cells in rats.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid-d5 is a deuterated compound of Eicosapentaenoic Acid. Eicosapentaenoic Acid has a CAS number of 10417-94-4. Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) is a ω-3 fatty acid abundantly available in marine organisms.

Arsenobetaine, an organoarsenical and compatible solute, is discovered in numerous marine animals like lobsters and crabs, and terrestrial organisms such as earthworms and lichens. It protects against B. subtilis cell death caused by high osmolarity or extreme temperatures at 1 mM concentration. Notably, arsenobetaine exhibits non-toxicity to mice with an LD50 of 10 g/kg.