hypothalamic peptide

This human neuropeptide of the RFamide peptide family with orexigenic activity may be also involved in the control of feeding behavior. The 26RFa gene is exclusively expressed in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and in the lateral hypothalamic area.

Oxytocin acetate (α-Hypophamine acetate) is a mammalian neurohypophysial hormone, a ligand of oxytocin receptor.

Oxytocin (Syntocinon) is a mammalian neuropituitary hormone, a pleiotropic hypothalamic peptide and ligand for the oxytocin receptor, which contributes to labor, lactation, and pro-social behavior. Oxytocin has the ability to stimulate mammary secretion of breast milk, promote contraction of uterine smooth muscle during labor, and facilitate mothering.

NBI-42902 is a potent inhibitor of peptide radioligand binding to the human GnRH receptor (K(i) = 0.56 nm). Tritiated NBI-42902 binds with high affinity (K(d) = 0.19 nm) to a single class of binding sites and can be displaced by a range of peptide and nonpeptide GnRH receptor ligands. In vitro experiments demonstrate that NBI-42902 is a potent functional, competitive antagonist of GnRH stimulated IP accumulation, Ca(2+) flux, and ERK1/2 activation. It did not stimulate histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Finally, it is effective in lowering serum LH in castrated male macaques after oral administration. Overall, these data provide a benchmark of pharmacological characteristics required for a nonpeptide GnRH antagonist to effectively suppress gonadotropins in humans and suggest that NBI-42902 may have clinical utility as an oral agent for suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. (source: Endocrinology. 2007 Feb;148(2):857-67. Epub 2006 Nov 9.)

CART(62-76)(human,rat) TFA, a neuropeptide encompassing residues 62-76 of the CART peptide, exhibits neurotransmitter-like properties and modulates the striatal noradrenergic system, as well as the corticostriatal and hypothalamic serotoninergic (5-HT) systems in the rat brain [1].

Exendin-4 (3-39) is a truncated peptide variant of Exendin-4, missing the initial two amino acids, and serves as a potent agonist for the Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1r). This compound, along with Exendin-4, is utilized in the study of diabetes and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis disorders [1] [2].

Human Prokineticin-2 peptide (28-74, 96-128) is a truncated version of human Prokineticin-2 (PROK2), derived from SEQ NO:6 in Patent WO2002036625A2, and can be used for relevant research in the life sciences field. Prokineticin-2 (human) is a regulatory hypothalamic neuropeptide that plays a role in food intake, thermoregulation, and energy metabolism.

Phoenixin-20 (TFA) (PNX-20 (TFA)) is a bioactive peptide that stimulates hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal hormones, regulates mammalian reproductive processes, enhances neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis via the CREB-PGC-1α pathway, and exhibits anxiolytic properties [1] [2] [3].

Alarin (human) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide from the galanin peptide family that comprises the signal sequence of the GALP precursor and the initial five amino acids (aa) of the mature GALP [1].

Alarin (human) acetate is a neuropeptide belonging to the hypothalamic galanin family, widely expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues of humans and rodents. It possesses the signal sequence of the GALP precursor peptide and the first five amino acids of mature GALP lacking exon 3 .Alarin exhibits vasoactive, anti-inflammatory, anti-oedematous, and antibacterial properties, alongside central regulatory functions in energy homeostasis, glucose homeostasis, body temperature, and reproductive hormone secretion.

Vasopressin (argipressin), a cyclic nine-peptide synthesized by hypothalamic neurons, is one of the hormones involved in peptide prohormone synthesis. Vasopressin is involved in the regulation process of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, increasing the amount of solute free water reabsorbed from the renal tubule's colate back into the circulation, narrowing arteries to increase pressure, enhancing the stimulating effect of corticotropin releasing factor to regulate pituitary corticotropin secretion. Vasopressin acts as a neurotransmitter during nerve conduction by binding to specific G-protein-coupled receptors.

ACTH (1-13) is a 13-aa peptide with cytoprotective effects in a model of ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), also known as corticotropin, is produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and plays a critical role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in response to biological stress.

[Gln8] Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone ([Gln8] LH-RH), Avian hypothalamic peptide that stimulates release of gonadotropins from anterior pituitary, thus regulating reproductive functions.

[Gln8]-C517 (LH-RH), chicken acetate is an avian hypothalamic peptide that stimulates release of gonadotropins from anterior pituitary, thus regulating reproductive functions.

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response. It is the primary regulatory peptide of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis under stress conditions. CRH can be utilized for research in neuroendocrine activities and anxiety-like behaviors.