hpa axis

CP 154,526 is a selective CRF1 receptor antagonist (Ki = 2.7 nM). CP 154,526 blocks CRF-induced activation of adenylate cyclase and the HPA axis.

Exendin-4 (3-39) is a truncated peptide variant of Exendin-4, missing the initial two amino acids, and serves as a potent agonist for the Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1r). This compound, along with Exendin-4, is utilized in the study of diabetes and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis disorders [1] [2].

Neuropeptide W-30 (human) serves as a crucial stress mediator within the central nervous system, influencing the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic outflow. It acts as an endogenous ligand for the two related orphan G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), GPR7 and GPR8, binding and activating them at comparable effective doses [1] [2] [3].

Neuropeptide W-30 (rat) acts as a crucial stress mediator within the central nervous system, influencing the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic outflow. It serves as an endogenous ligand for the two related orphan G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), GPR7 and GPR8. NPW-30 binds and activates both GPR7 and GPR8 at comparable effective doses [1] [2] [3].

Lipopolysaccharides from *E. coli* (Escherichia coli) O26:B6 are endotoxins derived from *E. coli* that function as TLR-4 activators. These S-type LPS molecules can trigger pathogenic-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and encourage the release of exosomes. Structurally, they are composed of three parts: O-antigen, core oligosaccharide, and Lipid A, and can be identified by the monoclonal antibody MAb J8-4C10. This compound can increase pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma, leading to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and causing oxidative damage to the adrenal glands. However, the pathogenic activity of Lipopolysaccharides from *E. coli* O26:B6 can be inhibited by PD149163 (HY-123434).