herbicidal

Herbicidal agent 6 (D15) functions as a Transketolase (TKL) inhibitor and exhibits herbicidal activity.

Herbicidal agent 8 (Compound 9w) targets auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), disrupting the physiological activities of plant cells and ultimately causing plant death. Herbicidal agent 8 exhibits herbicidal activity against both broadleaf and grass weeds.

Herbicidal agent 7 (Compound 15c) acts as an inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO). By interfering with pigment synthesis in plants, it demonstrates herbicidal activity against broadleaf weeds such as Z. elegans and A. theophrasti, as well as grass weeds like S. glauca and E. crusgalli.

Herbicidal agent 1 ((S)-6q) exhibits superior activity compared to its racemic form [1].

Glyphosate (Atila) is an herbicide. It also is a possible carcinogen to humans.

Imazapic (Imazamethapyr) has a broad herbicidal spectrum and controls a variety of annual grass weeds.

PPO-IN-17 (Compound 6R) functions as an inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO), effectively inhibiting tobacco PPO (NtPPO) with a Ki of 30.34 nM. This compound demonstrates herbicidal activity, achieving an inhibition rate greater than 95% against E. crus-galli, D. sanguinalis, M. sativa, and C. canadensis at a concentration of 37.5 g hm2. Additionally, PPO-IN-17 shows no toxicity to rice at 75 g hm2 and to bees at 6400 mg kg.

PPO-IN-16 (Compound D5) is a PPO inhibitor and herbicide with a Ki of 33.7 nM for tobacco PPO (NtPPO). It has a broad spectrum of herbicidal activity and exhibits good safety in crops such as wheat, rice, and peanuts.

Herbicide safener-4 (Compound I-15) is a herbicide safener designed to enhance crop resistance to herbicides without diminishing the herbicidal effects on target weeds. It competitively binds to the ALS active site alongside Mesosulfuron-methyl. In addition, Herbicide safener-4 boosts the activities of glutathione GSH, glutathione-S-transferase GST, cytochrome P450 CYP450, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and acetolactate synthase (ALS) within plants.

PPO-IN-18 (Compound g13) is an inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) and effectively inhibits Echinochloa crus-galli PPO (EcPPO) with an IC50 of 0.109 μM. It demonstrates herbicidal activity against E. crus-galli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Setaria faberi, Ipomoea nil, Chenopodium quinoa, and Abutilon theophrasti, with no significant crop toxicity at application rates of 150-300 g ai ha.

Enterocin (Vulgamycin) is a bacteriocin and polyketide antibiotic produced by Enterococcus spp. bacteria that is readily degraded by proteolytic hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract and is capable of controlling foodborne pathogens such as L. monocytogenes, Listeria, and Bacillus through human consumption. and and Bacillus.

Phosalacine, isolated from Kitasatosporia phosalacinea, is a new herbicidal antibiotic that contains phosphinothricin.

Herboxidiene (GEX1A) is a plant-toxic polyketide compound isolated from Streptomyces ATCC 49982, with herbicidal, cholesterol-lowering, and anticancer activities. It exhibits anti-angiogenic activity by downregulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α).

DHDPS-IN-1 (compound 8) is an inhibitor of dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS) with an IC50 of 39 μM, potentially useful in antibacterial and herbicidal applications [1].

Antimalarial agent 17, functioning both as an antimalarial agent and a herbicide, inhibits photosystem II and demonstrates post-emergence herbicidal efficacy comparable to commercial herbicides [1].

Phytoene desaturase-IN-1, a potent inhibitor of phytoene desaturase (PDS) with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 65.9 μM, acts through π−π stacking interaction with the Phe301 residue. This compound exhibits a broad spectrum of post-emergence herbicidal effects by inducing a reduction in PDS mRNA, and accumulation of phytoene and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in albino leaves, suggesting its utility in agricultural production [1].

Transketolase-IN-3, a potent inhibitor of transketolase (TK), exhibits herbicidal activity by effectively suppressing Digitaria sanguinalis (DS) and Amaranthus retroflexus (AR). This compound holds potential for herbicide research applications [1].

HPPD-IN-1 (compound II-3), a potent HPPD inhibitor, exhibits inhibitory activity against Arabidopsis thaliana HPPD (AtHPPD) with an IC50 of 0.248 μM, surpassing mesotrione's IC50 of 0.283 μM, and demonstrates excellent herbicidal efficacy against both broadleaf and monocotyledonous weeds [1].

PPO-IN-3 (Compound 8ad) is a potent PPO inhibitor with a Ki value of 0.67 nM and demonstrates post-emergence herbicidal properties suitable for weed management [1].

PDS-IN-1 potently inhibits Oryza sativa phytoene desaturase (OsPDS), exhibiting herbicidal activity [1].

Brassicanate A sulfoxide, isolated from Brassica oleracea [1], exhibits herbicidal properties by inhibiting the biosynthesis of essential amino acids in plants. It operates by binding to key enzymes such as dihydroxyacid dehydratase (DHAD), hydroxymethylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), acetolactate synthase (ALS), PYL family proteins, and transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1), thereby reducing their enzymatic activity.

(9S)-Macrocidin B exhibits a less potent herbicidal activity compared to macrocidin A.

PPO-IN-7 (compound 35), a potent protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor, exhibits herbicidal activity [1].

QPP-I-6, an inhibitor of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase), exhibits herbicidal activity by inducing cell membrane permeability [1].