herbicidal

Glyphosate (Atila) is an herbicide. It also is a possible carcinogen to humans.

Herbicidal agent 6 (D15) functions as a Transketolase (TKL) inhibitor and exhibits herbicidal activity.

Herbicidal agent 8 (Compound 9w) targets auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), disrupting the physiological activities of plant cells and ultimately causing plant death. Herbicidal agent 8 exhibits herbicidal activity against both broadleaf and grass weeds.

Herbicidal agent 7 (Compound 15c) acts as an inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO). By interfering with pigment synthesis in plants, it demonstrates herbicidal activity against broadleaf weeds such as Z. elegans and A. theophrasti, as well as grass weeds like S. glauca and E. crusgalli.

Herbicidal agent 10 (compound 3s) is a highly effective herbicide. It inhibits SvEPSPS with an IC50 value of 7.8 μM.

Herbicidal agent 1 ((S)-6q) exhibits superior activity compared to its racemic form [1].

Herbicidal Agent 9 (compound 5) is a derivative of 23-spirostane with herbicidal properties. When used in combination with compound 6, it inhibits the growth of Arabidopsis roots, exhibiting an EC50 value of 6.89 μM.

Imazapic (Imazamethapyr) has a broad herbicidal spectrum and controls a variety of annual grass weeds.

Quizalofop-ethyl (NC 302) is a aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide used for post-emergence control of annual and perennial grass weeds within broadleaf crops such as soybeans, cotton, and peanuts, and its herbicidal activity is mediated through the potent inhibition of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) enzyme.

PPO-IN-17 (Compound 6R) functions as an inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO), effectively inhibiting tobacco PPO (NtPPO) with a Ki of 30.34 nM. This compound demonstrates herbicidal activity, achieving an inhibition rate greater than 95% against E. crus-galli, D. sanguinalis, M. sativa, and C. canadensis at a concentration of 37.5 g hm2. Additionally, PPO-IN-17 shows no toxicity to rice at 75 g hm2 and to bees at 6400 mg kg.

PPO-IN-16 (Compound D5) is a PPO inhibitor and herbicide with a Ki of 33.7 nM for tobacco PPO (NtPPO). It has a broad spectrum of herbicidal activity and exhibits good safety in crops such as wheat, rice, and peanuts.

Herbicide safener-4 (Compound I-15) is a herbicide safener designed to enhance crop resistance to herbicides without diminishing the herbicidal effects on target weeds. It competitively binds to the ALS active site alongside Mesosulfuron-methyl. In addition, Herbicide safener-4 boosts the activities of glutathione GSH, glutathione-S-transferase GST, cytochrome P450 CYP450, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and acetolactate synthase (ALS) within plants.

PPO-IN-18 (Compound g13) is an inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) and effectively inhibits Echinochloa crus-galli PPO (EcPPO) with an IC50 of 0.109 μM. It demonstrates herbicidal activity against E. crus-galli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Setaria faberi, Ipomoea nil, Chenopodium quinoa, and Abutilon theophrasti, with no significant crop toxicity at application rates of 150-300 g ai ha.

NtPPO-IN-1 (Compound A4) is an inhibitor of Nicotiana tabacum PPO (NtPPO) with a Ki of 9.05 nM. It exhibits herbicidal activity against Setaria viridis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Abutilon theophrasti, and Portulaca oleracea, causing 30-50% damage to corn and rice at 150 g a.i./ha.

PPO-IN-19 (Compound 7m) is a protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO) inhibitor with an IC50 of 124 nM. It exhibits herbicidal activity and is relevant for herbicide-related research in the agricultural sector.

PPO-IN-20 (Compound B18) is a potent inhibitor of Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO), with a Ki value of 10.3 nM for NtPPO. It exhibits broad-spectrum herbicidal activity, making it a valuable compound for agricultural research.

Enterocin (Vulgamycin) is a bacteriocin and polyketide antibiotic produced by Enterococcus spp. bacteria that is readily degraded by proteolytic hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract and is capable of controlling foodborne pathogens such as L. monocytogenes, Listeria, and Bacillus through human consumption. and and Bacillus.

Phosalacine, isolated from Kitasatosporia phosalacinea, is a new herbicidal antibiotic that contains phosphinothricin.

Herboxidiene (GEX1A) is a plant-toxic polyketide compound isolated from Streptomyces ATCC 49982, with herbicidal, cholesterol-lowering, and anticancer activities. It exhibits anti-angiogenic activity by downregulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α).

DHDPS-IN-1 (compound 8) is an inhibitor of dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS) with an IC50 of 39 μM, potentially useful in antibacterial and herbicidal applications [1].

Antimalarial agent 17, functioning both as an antimalarial agent and a herbicide, inhibits photosystem II and demonstrates post-emergence herbicidal efficacy comparable to commercial herbicides [1].

Phytoene desaturase-IN-1, a potent inhibitor of phytoene desaturase (PDS) with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 65.9 μM, acts through π−π stacking interaction with the Phe301 residue. This compound exhibits a broad spectrum of post-emergence herbicidal effects by inducing a reduction in PDS mRNA, and accumulation of phytoene and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in albino leaves, suggesting its utility in agricultural production [1].

Transketolase-IN-3, a potent inhibitor of transketolase (TK), exhibits herbicidal activity by effectively suppressing Digitaria sanguinalis (DS) and Amaranthus retroflexus (AR). This compound holds potential for herbicide research applications [1].

HPPD-IN-1 (compound II-3), a potent HPPD inhibitor, exhibits inhibitory activity against Arabidopsis thaliana HPPD (AtHPPD) with an IC50 of 0.248 μM, surpassing mesotrione's IC50 of 0.283 μM, and demonstrates excellent herbicidal efficacy against both broadleaf and monocotyledonous weeds [1].