hcar2

HCAR2 agonist 1 (Compound 9n), a G i protein-biased allosteric modulator of HCAR2, activates the G i protein signaling pathway and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by reducing mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1). Additionally, it potentiates the anti-inflammatory effects of orthosteric agonists in a mouse model of colitis [1].

Monomethyl fumarate is a potent agonist of GPR109A .

GSK256073 is an orally active GPR109A agonist. GSK256073 also is a long-lasting and non-flushing HCA2 (hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor 2) full agonist (pEC50: 7.5). GSK256073 acutely improves glucose homeostasis via inhibition of lipolysis.

MK-6892 is a selective and full agonist for the high-affinity nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A (Ki: 4 nM; GTPγS EC50: 16 nM).

Mepenzolate Bromide (Colibantil) is a muscarinic antagonist used to treat gastrointestinal conditions.

IBC 293 is selective for GPR109B over niacin receptor GPR109A. IBC 293 is a highly selective agonist for GPR109B, a human orphan G-protein-coupled receptor expressed in adipocytes.