cytarabine

Cytarabine (Ara-C) is a nucleoside analog, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis (IC50=16 nM). Cytarabine inhibits DNA polymerase and induces cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis. Cytarabine has antitumor activity.

Retinoic acid (Tretinoin), a metabolite of vitamin A, is a natural agonist of the retinoic acid receptor RAR and inhibits RARα/β/γ (IC50=14 nM). Retinoic acid induces cellular differentiation, reduces cellular proliferation, and inhibits tumorigenesis.

Prostratin (12-Deoxyphorbol-13-acetate) is an orally active protein kinase C (PKC) activator with a Ki value of 12.5 nM.As an NF-κB activator, Prostratin activates HIV gene expression in T cells.Prostratin inhibits the growth of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and enhances cytarabine-induced AML cell differentiation. In addition, Prostratin induced KRAS phosphorylation and inhibited the growth of KRAS-mutated tumors.