cu+

Pyranine (Solvent Green 7) is reported as a new class of fluorescent chemosensor for the Cu+ ion.

CD649.2 is a responsive fluorescent probe specifically designed for Cu(II) detection, exhibiting selectivity for metals and oxidation states. It allows for the monitoring of intracellular active Cu(II) levels via live-cell confocal microscopy. This probe provides fundamental insights into the existence and regulation of active Cu(II) levels, such as identifying divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) as an importer of Cu(II), observing the increase of active Cu(II) under oxidative stress induced by glutathione depletion, and examining the interaction between increased active Cu(II) and decreased active Cu(I) caused by cancerous mutations that promote oxidative stress.

BP Fluor 430 DBCO reacts with azides through a copper-free click chemistry reaction to create a stable triazole, eliminating the need for a Cu catalyst or high temperatures. In applications where copper presence is a concern, BP Fluor 430 DBCO serves as an ideal substitute for copper in fluorescent alkyne requirements. BP Fluor 430 is a bright, photostable green fluorescent probe, optimally excited near its absorption maximum at 432 nm. Its emission peak at 539 nm remains unaffected across a broad pH range. Due to high background interference, BP Fluor DBCO reagents are unsuitable for staining intracellular components of fixed and permeabilized cells.

BP Fluor 405 DBCO is a blue fluorescent dye frequently used in multicolor applications, such as flow cytometry and super-resolution microscopy with STORM. Its excitation is optimal for the 407 nm krypton laser line or 408 nm violet laser diode. BP Fluor 405 DBCO reacts with azides through a copper-free click chemistry reaction to form a stable triazole, eliminating the need for a Cu catalyst or elevated temperatures. In applications where copper presence is a concern, BP Fluor 405 DBCO serves as an ideal alternative to copper-requiring fluorescent alkynes.

BP Fluor 430 Azide is a water-soluble, green fluorescent probe activated by azide. It engages in copper-catalyzed click reactions (CuAAC) with terminal alkynes, and can also react with strained cyclooctynes in copper-free click chemistry, forming stable triazoles without the need for Cu catalysts or high temperature. This probe exhibits bright, photostable green fluorescence, with a maximum absorption wavelength around 432 nm and maximum emission wavelength near 539 nm. It is water-soluble and maintains stability across a pH range from 4 to 10. The next-generation BP Fluor 430 Picolyl Azide is also applicable for detecting low-abundance alkyne-labeled biomolecules.

BP Fluor 488 TCO reacts with tetrazine to form a stable covalent bond through what is known as an inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition. This reaction is exceptionally rapid (k > 800 M-1 s-1), highly selective, and biocompatible, requiring neither Cu catalysts nor elevated temperatures. No other bioorthogonal reaction pair described to date matches this outstanding rate constant.

BP Fluor 405 picolyl azide is an advanced fluorescent probe that incorporates a copper-chelating motif to enhance the effective concentration of Cu(I) at the reaction site. The rate of the CuAAC reaction depends on the concentrations of all reagents, including copper; therefore, increasing the effective concentration of copper at the reaction site can substantially accelerate the CuAAC reaction rate without the need to increase the concentrations of azide reagents or copper. Additionally, using pyridyl azide instead of traditional azides allows for the copper catalyst concentration to be reduced by at least tenfold without compromising labeling efficiency. In summary, the introduction of the pyridyl group into the azide probe significantly boosts the sensitivity of alkyne detection, proving especially valuable for detecting low-abundance targets or situations requiring a significant increase in signal intensity.

BP Fluor 555 azide is a water-soluble, bright orange fluorescent dye with an excitation wavelength ideal for 532 nm or 555 nm laser lines and can be visualized using TRITC (tetramethylrhodamine) filter sets. The dye's conjugates with antibodies, peptides, and proteins exhibit stability across a pH range of 4 to 10. AF 555 conjugates are notably effective for detecting low-abundance targets. BP Fluor 555 azide reacts with terminal alkynes via copper-catalyzed click reactions (CuAAC) and can also undergo copper-free 'click chemistry' with strained cyclooctynes, forming stable triazoles without the need for copper catalysts or high temperatures. The dye’s brightness and photostability make it especially suitable for direct imaging of low-abundance targets.

Coppersensor 1 (CS1) is a boron dipyrromethene-based fluorescent sensor for selective and sensitive detection of copper(I) ions (Cu + ) in biological samples. Coppersensor 1 can be imaged using any type of fluorescence microscope, including epifluorescence, confocal and multiphoton.

Fmoc-Lys(5-FITC)-OH is a fluorescent probe used to detect amine labelling of peptides or proteins and can serve as a building block for organic synthesis.

CalFluor 488 Azide, a water-soluble fluorogenic azide probe, exhibits fluorescence upon activation through a Cu-catalyzed or metal-free click reaction with alkynes [1] [2].

Biotin-PEG-azide (MW 3400) is a biotinylated polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative featuring an azide group. Biotin functions as an enzyme co-factor for protein labeling, while PEG, a hydrophilic and water-soluble polymer with low toxicity, enhances solubility. The azide group, a moderately good leaving group, undergoes Cu-catalyzed reactions with alkynes, improving biotin's target binding efficiency.

10-(4-(Bis(2-acetoxyethyl)amino)phenyl)-BODIPY 505/515 is a selective ‘off-on’ fluorescent chemosensor for Cu2+ and Pb2+ with an excitation wavelength of 504 nm, an emission wavelength of 600 nm, and a more significant fluorescence enhancement of Pb2+ than Cu2+.

Catechol violet, an efficient and versatile ligand for Cu(I)-catalyzed C-S coupling reactions, also serves as a complexometric indicator dye [1] [2].

Pyranine (Standard) is the standard substance of Pyranine, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Pyranine (Solvent Green 7) is reported as a new class of fluorescent chemosensor for the Cu+ ion.