brain-derived

Moclobemide (Ro111163) is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.

Brain-derived acidic fibroblast growth factor (brain-derived aFGF) (1-11) is a peptide fragment of brain-derived aFGF. Brain-derived aFGF is an angiogenic vascular endothelial cell mitogen produced in bovine brain that has sequence homology to interleukin-1. aFGF (1-11) corresponds to amino acid residues 1-11 of the full length peptide.

Brain-derived acidic fibroblast growth factor (102-111) is a peptide fragment of brain-derived acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF). aFGF is an angiogenic vascular endothelial cell mitogen produced in bovine brain that has sequence homology to interleukin-1. It also shares sequence homology with the known neuropeptides neuromedin C , bombesin , neuromedin K , substance K , substance P , physalaemin, and eledoisin. aFGF (102-111) corresponds to amino acid residues 102-111 of the fulllength peptide.

Brain-derived basic fibroblast growth factor (1-24) (brain-derived bFGF) is a peptide fragment of brain-derived bFGF. bFGF is a peptide produced in bovine brain that is protective in a rat model of pressure-induced retinal ischemia. bFGF (1-24) corresponds to amino acid residues 1-24 of the full length peptide.

Brain Derived Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (1-24) (FGF basic 1-24), a synthetic peptide with anti-bacterial and anti-HBV properties, is utilized in infectious and immune disease research [1].

Brain Derived Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor (1-11) is a polypeptide molecule with the sequence PALPEDGGSGAFPPGHFKDPKRLY.

Brain Derived Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor (102-111) is a polypeptide molecule with the sequence HAEKHWFVGL.

Sonlicromanol hydrochloride (KH176 hydrochloride) is a ROS-redox modulator that crosses the blood-brain barrier, has potential anticancer activity, improves m.3243A>G heterogeneity in iPSC-derived neurons associated with It has potential anticancer activity, ameliorates neuronal network dysfunction and transcriptomic changes associated with m.3243A>G heterogeneity in iPSC-derived neurons, and can be used for the treatment of mitochondrial diseases.

4-Methylcatechol (3,4-Dihydroxytoluene) is a metabolite of homoprotocatechuic acid. It is both a substrate and a suicide inhibitor of Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase. 4-Methylcatechol (3,4-Dihydroxytoluene) is known to induce the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Recent studies have suggested that a lack of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the limbic system may cause neuropathic pain.

Hemopressin (rat) acetate is a nonapeptide derived from the α1-chain of hemoglobin, is originally isolated from rat brain homogenates. Hemopressin is orally active, selective and inverse agonist of CB2 cannabinoid receptors. Hemopressin exerts antinocicep

Pramiracetam (CI-879), derived from piracetam, is a more effective nootropic drug . According to reports, Pramiracetam improved cognitive defects related with traumatic brain wounds. Pramiracetam was also potent in the therapy of cognitive disorders of traumatic origins and cerebrovascular.

Tandutinib (CT53518) (MLN518, CT53518), an effective FLT3 antagonist (IC50: 0.22 μM), can also inhibit c-Kit and PDGFR, 15-20 fold higher potency for FLT3 versus CSF-1R and >100-fold selectivity for the same target versus FGFR, EGFR, and KDR.

Tau-0N4R-IN-1 (Compound 6T) is a brain-penetrant inhibitor of tau0N4R oligomerization. It effectively inhibits the fibrillization of tau 0N4R, 2N3R, and 2N4R, showcasing potent anti-seeding effects against tau in vitro, and can dose-dependently reduce α-syn oligomerization while preventing the formation of α-syn inclusions. Tau-0N4R-IN-1 demonstrates stability in mouse microsomes and reduces Aβ plaques derived from the brain tissue of AD patients. Moreover, it exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic properties in mice.

BNN-20 is a synthetic micro-neurotrophic factor that mimics Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and exhibits region-specific neuroprotective and neurogenesis-promoting effects. It is applicable in research related to Parkinson's disease.

RNA binder 1 (Compound 4b) is an RNA-binding agent capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. It selectively binds to the G-quadruplex structure of the G4C2 repeat sequence RNA of the C9orf72 gene. This compound significantly reduces levels of the toxic polypeptides poly(GA) and poly(GP) in cells derived from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, while it has no significant impact on the antisense polypeptide poly(PR), demonstrating selectivity for sense RNA. RNA binder 1 is useful for studying ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

EGFR-IN-91 (compound 9) is an orally active EGFR inhibitor capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. It effectively inhibits EGFRL858R/C797S and EGFRexon 19del/C797S, leading to tumor regression in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. EGFR-IN-91 shows potential for inhibiting locally advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) driven by EGFR mutations.

(2R,4R)-APDC hydrate ((2R,4R)-4-Aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid hydrate) is an agonist for group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR). It influences cell proliferation by inhibiting glutamate release, enhancing motor responses generated by D1 receptor activation, or reducing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. This compound is applicable in research on epilepsy and other neurological disorders.

CGP 56999A is an antagonist of GABA(B) receptor, it enhances expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and attenuates dopamine depletion in the rat corpus striatum.

α-Casozepine, a bioactive peptide derived from milk α-S1 casein, exhibits affinity for γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the brain and demonstrates anti-anxiety effects.

Cytochrome P450 metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces numerous bioactive epoxide regioisomers. (±)10(11)-EpDPA is a docosahexaenoic acid epoxygenase metabolite, derived via epoxidation of the 10,11-double bond of DHA. It has been detected in rat brain and spinal cord, as well as human serum, and acts as a substrate for soluble epoxide hydrolase with a Km value of 5.1 μM. (±)10(11)-EpDPA and other epoxy metabolites of DHA are reported to demonstrate antihyperalgesic activity in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models and to potently inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth in in vitro assays.

Cytochrome P450 metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces numerous bioactive epoxide regioisomers. (±)13(14)-EpDPA is a docosahexaenoic acid epoxygenase metabolite, derived via epoxidation of the 13,14-double bond of DHA. It has been detected in rat brain and spinal cord and is a preferred substrate for soluble epoxide hydrolase with a Km value of 3.2 μM. (±)13(14)-EpDPA demonstrates antihyperalgesic activity in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. (±)13(14)-EpDPA and other epoxy metabolites of DHA are also reported to potently inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth in in vitro assays.

Reduced haloperidol is an active metabolite of haloperidol . It is formed via reduction of haloperidol by ketone reductase. Reduced haloperidol inhibits radioligand binding to sigma-1 and dopamine D2 receptors (Kis = 1.4 and 31 nM, respectively) and stimulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) secretion from CCF-SSTG1 and U87MG astrocytic glial cells. It also inhibits norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin (5-HT) reuptake (Kis = 21, 25, and 33 μM, respectively, in COS-7 cells expressing the human transporters). Reduced haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) increases latency to paw withdrawal in mouse models of capsaicin- but not force-induced mechanical hypersensitivity.

The acyl amides are a family of endogenous lipids that act as potent modulators of pain and inflammation. The best characterized members of this family are the arachidonoyl amides, which includes N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA; anandamide). N-palmitoyl glycine (PalGly) contains an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid that is amide-linked to glycine and is structurally similar to the phospholipid-derived N-acyl ethanolamines. Endogenously produced in rat skin and spinal cord, PalGly is present in 100-fold greater amounts in skin and 3-fold greater in brain compared to AEA. Injection of 0.43 μg PalGly in rat hindpaw inhibits heat-induced firing of nociceptive neurons in rat dorsal horn. PalGly treatment induces transient calcium influx in native dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells and in the PTX-sensitive, DRG-like cell line F-11 (EC50 = 5.5 μM).

Docosahexaenoic acid is a nutritionally-derived ω-3 fatty acid that is abundant in the brain and the retina and is thought to be important in early development and for therapeutic approaches to inflammatory disorders and cancer. 14(S)-HDHA is an oxygenation product of DHA that serves as a precursor to maresin 1 , an anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving mediator that prevents polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration and stimulates macrophage phagocytosis. At doses as low as 0.2 ng/mouse 14(S)-HDHA administration resulted in reduced infiltration of PMNs into sites of inflammation.