anemone

Raddeanoside R8 is a natural product from Anemone raddeana Regel.

Protoanemonin is a naturally occurring compound which may be isolated from plants of the family Ranunculaceae. Protoanemonin can also be produced by Pseudomonas sp.

Dipsacobioside is extracted from Anemone hupehensis.

Presapogenin CP4 extracted from Anemone hupehensis.

Antho-Riamide I is an active peptide. It also inhibits the spontaneous contraction of sea anemone muscles.

Antho-riamide II is an inactive peptide isolated from sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima.

Antho-rpamide II is a biologically active neuropeptide isolated from the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima.

Hederacolchiside A1 (Raddeanoside R13) shows anti-leishmanial activity, it exhibits a strong antiproliferative activity on all stages of development of the parasite by altering membrane integrity and potential. Hederacolchiside A1 shows antiproliferation activities in three cancer cell lines with the IC50 value of 2.4 uM, it exhibits a preferential cytotoxicity on a pigmented melanoma cell line. It suppresses proliferation of tumor cells by inducing apoptosis through modulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

alpha-Eleostearic acid (cis-eleostearic acid) is a conjugated fatty acid present in Anemone seeds and can be used as a chemical taxonomic marker for Anemone.

Raddeanin A is a natural triterpenoid saponin from Cyperus japonicus that inhibits histone deacetylase and is also a potent immunogenic cell death inducer with strong anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities.

Pulsatilla saponin D (Hederacolchiside A) has exhibited potential beneficial effects as a chemopreventive agent for critical health conditions including cancer, and it inhibits cell growth via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cancer cell types.

APETx2 TFA, a selective and reversible inhibitor of the ASIC3 channel derived from the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima, exhibits an IC50 of 63 nM. It operates by directly acting on the external side of the ASIC3 channel. Additionally, APETx2 has been shown to reverse acid-induced and inflammatory pain, as documented in studies [1] [2].

Flaccidoside II, an active triterpenoid saponin from Anemone flaccida rhizome, both inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNSTs) cell lines and ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in mice [1] [2].

ATX-II, an Na+ channel modulator toxin derived from the sea anemone (Anemonia sulcata), causes delayed inactivation of the Na+ channels and has been linked to pulmonary vein arrhythmogenesis and atrial fibrillation [1] [2]. It exhibits interaction with halothane, caffeine, and ryanodine.

ShK toxin, isolated from the Caribbean sea anemone (Stichodactyla helianthus), is an inhibitor of the voltage-dependent potassium channel (Kv1.3 channel). It competes with dendrotoxin I and α-dendrotoxin in binding to rat brain synaptosomal membranes and promotes acetylcholine release. Additionally, ShK toxin reduces K+ currents in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation [1] [2].

Raddeanoside R16, an oleanane-type saponin, can be isolated from the rhizome of Anemone raddeana [1].

Glycoside St-J (Compound 2), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Anemone flaccida, exhibits antitumor activity by inhibiting HeLa cell proliferation and shows potential for use in the development of novel anticancer agents [1].

ATX-II TFA, a specific Na+ channel modulator toxin, is derived from the venom of the sea anemone (Anemonia sulcata). This compound impedes the inactivation of Na+ channels and has been associated with arrhythmogenesis in the pulmonary vein and atrial fibrillation [1] [2]. It interacts with halothane, caffeine, and ryanodine in this modulation.

Anhuienside F, a natural product, is isolatable from the root of Anemone vitifolia Buch.-Ham. [1].

Pulchinenoside K is a triterpene saponin isolated from Anemone rivularis, demonstrating antiproliferative activity against HSC-T6 cells (IC50=18.21 µM).

Huzhangoside D shows insecticidal activities against termite (Coptotermis homii), the LC50 of 0.2 mg/mL.

Leonloside D is a natural product

Prosapogenin CP6 is a natural product

Raddeanoside 20 can slightly suppress the superoxide generation induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) in a concentration dependent manner.